Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
List of Abbreviations

evaṃ visesato ñatvā appamādamhi paṇḍitā

appamāde pamodanti ariyānaṃ gocare ratā

(DhP 22)



Translation:

Having thus distinctively understood about conscientiousness, the wise ones rejoice in conscientiousness, delighting in the sphere of the Noble Ones.



Sentence Structure:

List of Abbreviations

evaṃ visesato ñatvā    a+ppamādamhi     paṇḍitā
|             |          |         |           |                   |

Adv.   Adv.   V.ger.  neg.     N.m.             N.m.

|             |          |         |     Loc.Sg.         Nom.Pl.

|             |          |         |______|                   |

|             |          |________|______________|

|             |                         |_______|

|             |__________________|

|_______________|

             |_______________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

a+ppamāde   pamodanti ariyānaṃ  gocare      ratā
|          |                |              |             |             |

neg.  N.m.      V.act.in.     N.m.       N.m.     Adj.m.

|      Loc.Sg.   3.Pl.pres.  Gen.Pl.   Loc.Sg.  Nom.Pl.

|_____|                 |              |_______|             |

     |____________|                     |___________|

               |________________________|

_____________________|



Vocabulary and Grammar:

List of Abbreviations

evaṃ, Adv.: thus.

visesato, Adv.: distinctively, altogether. Originally an Abl.Sg. of the word visesa-, N.m.: distinction, excelence.

ñatvā, V: having known. A ger. of the verb ñā- (to know).

appamādamhi: appamāda-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamāda-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamāda = appamāda). Loc.Sg. = appamādamhi (or appamāde, as below).

List of Abbreviations

paṇḍitā: paṇḍita-, N.m.: wise man, learned man. Nom.Pl. = paṇḍitā.

appamāde: appamāda-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamāda-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamāda = appamāda). Loc.Sg. = appamāde (or appamādamhi, as above).

pamodanti, V.: to rejoice, to be happy, to be glad, to be satisfied. The verb root mud- with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = pamodanti.

ariyānaṃ: ariya-, Adj.: noble, distinguished, good. Gen.Pl.m. = ariyānaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

gocare: gocara-, N.m.: pasture, sphere. A compound of:
    go-, N.m.: cow

    cara-, N.m.: going, walking. Derived from the verb car- (to walk, to roam).

Loc.Sg. = gocare.

ratā: rata-, Adj.: delighting in. A p.p. of the verb ram- (to delight in, to enjoy).
Nom.Pl. = ratā.

List of Abbreviations

 

    The first part of the sentence is evaṃ visesato ñatvā appamādamhi paṇḍitā (The wise ones, having thus distinctively understood about conscientiousness). The subject of this sentence is paṇḍitā (wise ones, nominative plural) and the verb is ñatvā (having known, gerund). The object is appamādamhi (about conscientiousness, locative singular). There are two adverbs, visesato (distinctively) and evaṃ (thus) complementing this sentence.
    The second part of the sentence is appamāde pamodanti (they rejoice in conscientiousness). The subject is the word paṇḍitā from the previous sentence. The verb is pamodanti (rejoice, 3rd person plural, active, indicative, present tense). The object is appamāde (in the conscientiousness, locative singular).

    Next follows the clause ariyānaṃ gocare ratā (delighting in the sphere of the Noble Ones). We can see the word ratā (delighting, nominative plural) as an attribute to the main subject of the sentence (the word paṇḍitā). The object here is gocare (in the sphere, locative singular) with its attribute ariyānaṃ (of the Noble Ones, genitive plural).



Commentary:

    The wise people know very clearly, that the conscientiousness is the state of deathlessness (the word thus refers to the previous verse, DhP 21). Therefore, they rejoice in conscientiousness, they praise it and pay high attention to it.
    They are delighting in the "sphere of the Noble Ones". This is of course nothing else than the Nirvana. So, again, the only way to reach this state is to make conscientious effort in this direction, applying all one's energy and striving.



Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

evaṃ
visesato

ñatvā

appamādamhi

paṇḍitā

appamāde

pamodanti

ariyānaṃ

gocare

ratā