"Something very difficult to do has
been done by the World-Honored One
the Supreme Sakyan King."

   The Buddhas of the six directions listed
previously in the Sutra text, including Amita
Buddha, simultaneously praise Sakyamuni Buddha,
reinforcing how living beings should definitely
believe in and accept the Pure Land Dharma Door.
They say:  suduskaram "(something) very diffi-
cult to do" krtam "has been done" bhagavata
"(by)(the)(World-)Honored One" sakyamunina
"Sakyamuni" sakyadhirajena "(the) Supreme
Sakyan King,"

  This sentencd, although in the passive voice,
has a very simple structure,  The subject is
the nominative singular neuter noun suduskaram
"(something) very difficult to do"/"a very hard
difficult to do"/"a very difficult deed."


  The predicate is the perfect passive parti-
ciple krtam which means literally "having been
done."  Here it is nominative singular neuter,
agreeing with suduskaram.  The stem form is
krta-,  and it comes from the root û kr- "do"/
deed." suduskara (the stem form) derives from
root û kr- "do"/"make," the addition of suffix
-a resulting in kara "doing"/"making," due to
strengthening of the root.  The prefix su- means
"well," hence "very."  The prefix due- here
means "difficult" or "hard," by sound change
becoming dug- before h-,  Other forms in sandhi
are dus-, duh-, dur-, and du-.  Therefore, the
meaning of su + dus + kara is "(something) very
"make"  too.  One unders tends the unexpressed
auxiliary verb asti "(it) is," and so in com-
bination with the subject it is translated
"has been done."

  As we have seen, the agent (the person or
thing that carries out the action) in passive
constructions is expressed in the instrumental
is done by the Buddha Sakyamuni, and so the
three words referring to the Buddha are in the
instrumental singular masculine. Sakyamunina
case,  Here the action, the very difficult deed,
is done by the Buddha Sakyamuni, and so the
three words referring to the Buddha are in the
instrumental singular masculine. Sakyamunina
"Sakyamuni" is the main noun, and in apposition
to it are bhagavata "(by) (the) (World-)Honored
One" and sakya-adhirajena "(by)(the) Supreme
Sakyan King." Sometimes this is simply trans-
lated "Sakyan Lord."  The stem form adhi-
rajan. rajan (often appearing as raja) means
"king," and the prefix adhi- gives the idea  of
surpassing or supremacy.

  Sakya means literally "descended from the
Sakas" (=saka abhiiano'sya), and is the name
of the Ksatriya clan prominent in the:area
around the city of Kapilavastu in ancient India.
The adjective sakya derives from the root û sak-
"be able," and so means "able"/"capable of being."
Hence sakya is interpreted as meaning "able to
be humane." muni is a noun meaning "saint" or
"sage," especially one who has taken a vow of
silence.  Hence muni is interpreted as meaning
"still and silent."  The two words sakya + muni
together refer to the interpenetration and per-
fect fusion of the movement of compassion in
rescuing living beings while unmoving in the
stillness of real mark wisdom.  The very hard-
to-do deed done by the Buddha Sakyamuni will
be described in the next sentence.