| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who kills living beings, speaks falsely,
takes whatever in the world is not given and goes to
another's wife,
[continued in DhP 247]
yo
panam atipateti
musa+vadaj
ca bhasati
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Rel.Pron.m. N.m. V.act.caus. Adv.
N.m. conj. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
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3.Sg.pres.
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List of Abbreviations
loke adinnam adiyati
para+daraj
ca gacchati
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N.m. Adj.n. V.med.in.
Adj. N.f. conj. V.act.in.
Loc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. |
Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
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yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.
panam: pana-, N.m.: breath, life, living being. Acc.Sg. = panam.
atipateti, V.: destroys, kills. It is a causative of the verb root pat- (to fall) with the prefix ati- (on to). 3.Sg.act.caus.pres. = atipateti.
musavadaj:
musavada-,
N.m.: lying, lie. It is a compound of:
musa,
Adv.: falsely, wrongly.
vada-,
N.m.: speaking, talk. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to
speak).
Acc.Sg. = musavadaj.
ca, conj.: and.
bhasati, V.: speaks. The verb root is bhas-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhasati.
List of Abbreviations
loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.
adinnam: adinna-, Adj.: what is not given. It is the word dinna-, Adj.: given (it is a p.p. of the verb root da-, to give) negated by the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.n. = adinnam.
adiyati, V.: takes up, seizes, grasps. The verb root is da- (to give) with the prefix a- (towards). 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = adiyati.
paradaraj:
paradara-,
N.f.: other's wife. It is a compound of:
para-, Adj.: different, other.
dara-,
N.f.: wife.
Acc.Sg. = paradaraj.
ca: see above.
gacchati, V.: goes. The verb root is gam- (to go). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = gacchati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four sentences.
They all have as a subject the relative pronoun yo (who, whoever,
nominative singular):
1) panam
atipateti (kills living beings). The verb
is atipateti (kills, 3rd
person, singular, active, causative, present tense). The object is the
noun panam (living being, accusative
singular).
2) musavadaj
ca bhasati (speaks falsely). The verb
is bhasati (speaks, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the
compound musavadaj
(lie, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this
sentence to the other ones.
3) loke adinnam adiyati
(takes whatever in the world is not given). The verb is adiyati
(takes, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense).
The object is the past participle adinnam (not given, accusative
singular). It has an attribute, the noun loke (in the world, locative
singular).
4) paradaraj
ca gacchati (goes to another's wife). The verb is gacchati (goes,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the compound paradaraj
(to another's wife, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and)
connects this sentence to the other ones.
Not only monks stayed at the Jetavana
monastery. Lay followers would also come to stay for a few days, observe
precepts and meditate. Once five lay disciples observed one precept each.
They all claimed that he was observing the most difficult precept. They
argued for a long time and then reported the matter to the Buddha.
The Buddha replied them with this
verse (and the following ones, DhP 247 and DhP 248), saying that all the
precepts are very difficult and all of them are equally important for a
good life.
Word pronunciation:
yo
panam
atipateti
musavadaj
musa
vadaj
ca
bhasati
loke
adinnam
adiyati
paradaraj
para
daraj
gacchati