Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
One is not to be called a monk just because of his bald
head, if one is immoral and speaking lies.
How can someone who has desire and greed be called a
monk?
na mundakena samano
abbato alikaj bhanaj
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neg. Adj.
N.m. Adj.m. N.n.
Adj.m.
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Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
iccha+lobha+samapanno
samano kij bhavissati
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N.f. N.m. Adj.m.
N.m. Adv. V.act.
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Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
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na, neg.: not.
mundakena: mundaka-, Adj.: bald, shaven (head). Ins.Sg. = mundakena.
samano:
samana-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering
ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samano.
abbato: abbata-, Adj.: immoral, breaking ethic precepts. It is derived from the word vata-, N.m.: religious duty, with the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = abbato.
alikaj: alika-, N.n.: falsehood, lie. Acc.Sg. = alikaj.
bhanaj: bhanant-, Adj.: speaking. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root bhan-. Nom.Sg.m. = bhanaj.
List of Abbreviations
icchalobhasamapanno:
icchalobhasamapanna-,
Adj.: having desire and greed. It is a compound of:
iccha-,
N.f.: desire, longing.
lobha-, N.m.: greed.
samapanna-,
Adj.: endowed with, possessed of. It is a p.p. of the verb pad-
(to go to, to fall to) preceded by the prefixes sam- (denoting "together"
or "completely") and a- (towards).
Nom.Sg.m. = icchalobhasamapanno.
samano: see above.
kij: kij-, Inter.Pron.: who. Nom.Sg.n. = kij. Here rather means "how" and should be taken as an adverb.
bhavissati, V.: will be. The verb root is bhu-. 3.Sg.act.fut. = bhavissati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) na mundakena
samano abbato alikaj
bhanaj (one
is not to be called a monk just because of his bald head, if one is immoral
and speaking lies). The subject is the adjective abbato (immoral,
nominative singular). It has an attribute, the active present participle
bhanaj
(speaking, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun alikaj
(lie, accusative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to
be". It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has
an attribute, the adjective mundakena
(by bald [head], instrumental singular). The object is the noun samano
(monk, nominative singular).
2) icchalobhasamapanno
samano kij bhavissati
(how can someone who has desire and greed be called a monk). The subject
is the compound icchalobhasamapanno
(having desire and greed, nominative singular). The verb is bhavissati
(will be, 3rd person, singular, active, future). It is modified
by the interrogative pronoun kij (how).
The object is the noun samano (monk,
nominative singular).
There was a monk named Hatthaka. He
liked to argue with others. If he was defeated in an argument, he challenged
his opponent to meet again at a specified place and time. Hatthaka would
get to the place before the appointed time and would declare that the absence
of his opponent means he acknowledges his defeat. Therefore he would boast
he won the argument.
When the Buddha heard about this,
he admonished Hatthaka by this verse (and the following one, DhP 265).
Word pronunciation:
na
mundakena
samano
abbato
alikaj
bhanaj
icchalobhasamapanno
iccha
lobha
samapanno
kij
bhavissati