| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
What should be done - is rejected. What should not be
done - that is being done.
Taints of those, who are proud and negligent, surely
grow.
yaj
hi kiccaj apaviddhaj
akiccaj pana kayirati
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Pron.n. part. Adj.n.
Adj.n. Adj.n.
part. V.pas.in.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. |
3.Sg.pres.
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List of Abbreviations
unnalanaj
pamattanaj tesaj
vaddhanti asava
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Adj.m.
Adj.m. Pron.m. V.act.in. N.m.
Gen.Pl.
Gen.Pl. Gen.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Pl.
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yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.
hi, part.: indeed.
kiccaj: kicca-,
Adj.: must be done, ought to be done. It is a grd. of the verb kar-
(to do).
Nom.Sg.n. = kiccaj.
apaviddhaj: apaviddha-, Adj.: thrown away, discarded, rejected. It is a p.p. of the verb root vidh- (to strike, to pierce), with the prefix apa- (away). Nom.Sg.n. = apavidhaj.
akiccaj: akicca-, Adj.: what should not be done. It is the word kicca-, N.n. (duty, what ought to be done; it is a grd. of the verb kar-, to do), negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.n. = akiccaj.
pana, part.: indeed.
List of Abbreviations
kayirati, V.: is being done. The verb root is kar- (to do). 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = kayirati.
unnalanaj: unnala-, Adj.: proud, insolent, haughty, showing off. Gen.Pl.m. = unnalanaj.
pamattanaj: pamatta-, Adj.: negligent. It is a p.p. of the verb mad- (to be intoxicated) with the strengthening prefix pa- (thus pamajjati = to be careless, to neglect). Gen.Pl.m. = pamattanaj.
tesaj: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Pl.m. = tesaj.
vaddhanti, V.: grow. The verb root is vaddh-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = vaddhanti.
asava: asava- N.m.: taint, corruption. Nom.Pl. = asava. Traditionally, these four taints (asava) are mentioned in the texts: sense desire (kama), desiring eternal existence (bhava), wrong views (ditthi) and ignorance (avijja).
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) yaj
hi kiccaj apaviddhaj
(what should be done - is rejected). The subject is the adjective kiccaj
(what should be done, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the relative
pronoun yaj (that, which, nominative
singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is
the past participle apaviddhaj (rejected,
nominative singular). The particle hi (indeed) serves mainly for
metrical purposes.
2) akiccaj
pana kayirati (what should not be done - that is being done). The subject
is the adjective akiccaj (what should
not be done, nominative singular). The verb is in passive, kayirati
(is being done, 3rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present
tense). The particle pana (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
3) unnalanaj
pamattanaj tesaj
vaddhanti asava
(taints of those, who are proud and negligent, surely grow). The subject
is the noun asava
(taints, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the pronoun tesaj
(their, genitive plural). This word has two attributes, the adjectives
unnalanaj
(of insolent ones, genitive plural) and pamattanaj
(of negligent ones, genitive plural). The verb is vaddhanti
(grow, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
In Bhaddiya there was a monastery with
many monks. There was a sort of competition amongst these monks: who will
make more beautiful ornamental slippers to wear. As a result of this, they
neglected their meditation and they made no progress in spiritual matters.
The matter was reported to the Buddha
who admonished the monks from Bhaddiya. He told them this verse (and the
following one, DhP 293). The monks realized the error of their ways and
from that time on strove diligently to reach the Awakenment.
Word pronunciation:
yaj
hi
kiccaj
apaviddhaj
akiccaj
pana
kayirati
unnalanaj
pamattanaj
tesaj
vaddhanti
asava