| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Being afraid of what is not frightful and not fearing
the frightful thing,
believing in wrong theories, the beings go to a miserable
existence.
abhaye bhaya+dassino bhaye ca
abhaya+dassino
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N.n. N.n. Adj.m.
N.n. conj. N.n. Adj.m.
Loc.Sg. | Nom.Pl.
Loc.Sg. | |
Nom.Pl.
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List of Abbreviations
miccha+ditthi+samadana
satta gacchanti duggatij
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Adv. N.f.
Adj.m. N.m. V.act.in.
N.f.
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Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Acc.Sg.
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abhaye: abhaya-, N.n.: absence of fear, absence of fright. It is the word bhaya-, N.n.: fear, with the negative prefix a-. Loc.Sg. = abhaye.
bhayadassino: bhayadassin-, Adj.: seeing
fear. It is a compound of:
bhaya-, N.n.: fear, fright.
dassin-, Adj.: seeing, perceiving.
It is derived from the verb root das- (to see) by adding the denominative
suffix -in.
Nom.Pl.m. = bhayadassino.
bhaye: bhaya-, N.n.: fear, fright. Loc.Sg. = bhaye.
List of Abbreviations
ca, conj.: and.
abhayadassino: abhayadassin-, Adj.: not
seeing fear. It is a compound of:
abhaya-, N.n.: see above.
dassin-, see above.
Nom.Pl.m. = abhayadassino.
Euphonic combination: ca + abhayadassino
= cabhayadassino.
List of Abbreviations
micchaditthisamadana:
micchaditthisamadana-,
Adj.: believing in a wrong theory. It is a compound of:
miccha,
Adv.: wrongly, badly.
ditthi-,
N.f.: view, belief, theory, idea. It is derived from the verb root dis-
(to see).
samadana-,
N.m.: undertaking, taking upon oneself. The verb root is da-
(to give) with the prefixes sam- (completely) and a-
(towards).
Nom.Pl.m. = micchaditthisamadana.
satta: satta-, N.m.: being. Nom.Pl. = satta.
gacchanti, V.: goes. The verb root is gam-. 3.Pl.in.act.pres. = gacchanti.
duggatij: duggati-,
N.f.: a miserable existence, a realm of misery, undesirable rebirth. Composed
of:
du-, pref.: bad, difficult.
gati-, N.f.: existence, rebirth.
Derived from the verb gam- (to go).
Acc.Sg. = duggatij.
List of Abbreviations
The subject of this sentence is the
noun satta (beings, nominative plural).
It has three attributes:
1) The compound bhayadassino
(seeing fear, nominative plural). This word has the noun abhaye
(in what is not fear, locative singular) as an attribute.
2) The compound abhayadassino
(not seeing fear, nominative plural). This word has the noun bhaye
(in what is fear, locative singular) as an attribute. This attribute is
connected to the previous one by the conjunction ca (and).
3) The compound micchaditthisamadana
(believing in wrong theories, nominative plural).
The verb is gacchanti (go,
3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the noun duggatij (to a miserable
existence, accusative singular).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the preceding verse (DhP 316).
We should be ashamed and afraid of
things that are truly bad. Causing suffering to others in any way is bad
and we should be always ashamed and afraid of doing so.
On the other hand, being afraid and
ashamed of something that is not bad at all (as for example the naked ascetics
from the story) will not help us in any way on the road to the Awakenment.
Thus we will only accumulate demerit and suffer a bad rebirth in the next
life.
Word pronunciation:
abhaye
bhayadassino
bhaya
dassino
bhaye
ca
abhayadassino
abhaya
micchaditthisamadana
miccha
ditthi
samadana
satta
gacchanti
duggatij