Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
A man who is not blindly trusting, who knows the Nirvana,
who has broken the connections,
who has cut off the opportunities and who has given up
all wishes - he is a greatest person indeed.
asaddho akata+bbu
ca sandhi+cchedo ca
yo naro
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Adj.m. Adj. Adj.m. conj. N.m.
Adj.m. conj. Rel.Pron.m. N.m.
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List of Abbreviations
hata+avakaso vanta+aso
sa ve uttama+poriso
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Adj.m. N.m. Adj. Adj.m.
Pron.m. part. Adj. N.m.
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asaddho: asaddha-, Adj.: not credulous, without blind trust. It is the word saddha-, Adj.: credulous, trusting, negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m.: asaddho.
akatabbu: akatabbu-,
Adj.: who knows the Nirvana. It is a compound of:
akata-, Adj.: uncreated, not
made. It is the word kata-, Adj: done, made (it is a p.p. of the
verb root kar-, to do) with
the negative prefix a-.
-bbu-,
Adj.suf.: knowing. It is derived from the verb root ba-
(to know).
Nom.Sg.m. = akatabbu.
ca, conj.: and.
List of Abbreviations
sandhicchedo: sandhiccheda-, Adj.: one,
who has broken the connection, one who has put an end to the round of rebirths.
It is a compound of:
sandhi-, N.m.: connection,
joint, combination.
cheda-, N.m.: cutting, destruction,
breaking. It is derived from the verb root chid- (to cut, to break).
Euphonic combination: sandhi- + cheda-
= sandhiccheda-.
Nom.Sg.m. = sandhicchedo.
ca: see above.
yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.
naro: nara-, N.m.: man, person. Nom.Sg. = naro.
List of Abbreviations
hatavakaso:
hatavakasa-,
Adj.: one, who has cut off every opportunity (for further rebirth). It
is a compound of:
hata-, Adj.: cut off, destroyed.
It is a p.p. of the verb han- (to strike).
avakasa-,
N.m.: occasion, opportunity.
Euphonic combination: hata- + avakasa-
= hatavakasa-.
Nom.Sg.m. = hatavakaso.
vantaso:
vantasa-, Adj.: one who has given up
all wishes.
vanta-, Adj.: given up,
thrown up. It is p.p. of vam- (to throw up, to discard).
asa-,
N.f.: wish, expectation, desire.
Euphonic combination: vanta- + asa-
= vantasa,
compound form (as an adjective): vantasa-.
Nom.Sg.m. = vantaso.
List of Abbreviations
sa: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = sa.
ve, part.: indeed, surely.
uttamaporiso: uttamaporisa-, N.m.: noble
person. It is a compound of:
uttama-, Adj.: highest, noble.
porisa-, N.m.: person, man.
Nom.Sg. = uttamaporiso.
List of Abbreviations
This verse contains two related sentences.
They are:
1) asaddho akatabbu
ca sandhicchedo ca yo naro hatavakaso
vantaso (A man who is not blindly trusting,
who knows the Nirvana, who has broken the connections, who has cut off
the opportunities and who has given up all wishes). The subject is the
relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). It has the noun
naro (man, person, nominative singular) as an attribute. This word
has several attributes: asaddho (not blindly trusting, nominative
singular), akatabbu (knowing the Nirvana,
nominative singular), sandhicchedo (who has broken the connections,
nominative singular), hatavakaso
(who has cut off all the opportunities, nominative singular) and vantaso
(who has given up all wishes). The second and third one are connected by
the conjunction ca (and).
2) sa ve uttamaporiso (he is
a greatest person indeed). The subject is the pronoun sa (he, nominative
singular). It has an attribute, the adjective compound uttamaporiso
(highest person, nominative singular). The particle ve (indeed)
serves only for the strengthening.
A group of monks came from a village
to pay their respects to the Buddha. The Buddha sent for Sariputta
and asked him, "Sariputta, do you believe,
that one can attain Nirvana by being mindful of the senses?" Sariputta
replied, "I do not simply believe in this because I have faith on you and
your teaching. Only those who have no personal experience accept the facts
from others." The monks did not understand it and thought that Sariputta
doesn't have faith in the Buddha, that he did not given up wrong views
yet.
The Buddha explained that Sariputta
accepts the fact that Nirvana can be attained by being mindful of senses
by his own personal experience, because he already attained arahantship.
He does not simply trust blindly in his teacher's words without testing
them with his own practice. Blind faith has no place in Buddhism, only
the trust in the method, which must be followed by one's own personal experience.
Word pronunciation:
asaddho
akatabbu
akata
bbu
ca
sandhicchedo
sandhi
chedo
yo
naro
hatavakaso
hata
avakaso
vantaso
vanta
aso
sa
ve
uttamaporiso
uttama
poriso