¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡u°ß¡v¤§¥Î¨Ò¦Ò¹î

ÄÀ´f±Ó
°ê¥ßÃÀ³N¾Ç°|°Æ±Ð±Â

¤¤µØ¦ò¾Ç¾Ç³ø²Ä¤C´Á 1994.07 ¥Xª©
(pp.19-38)


                                  19 ­¶

        ¤@¡B«e¨¥

            ¥H¡u°ß¡v(matra)¨Óªí²{ªº¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¥Î¨Ò¤¤¡A ¦p¡u°ß¤ß
        ¡v¡B¡u°ßÃÑ¡vµ¥¬O²³©Ò¬Òª¾ªº¡C¦ý¬O¡A¥D±i¡u°ßÃÑ¡v«ä·Qªº
        ·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤§®Ú¥»½×®Ñ¡m·ì¦÷®v¦a½×¡n(¥H¤U²ºÙ¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n)
        ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¡u°ß¡v¤§¥Î¨Ò¬O§_³£¬O»P¡u°ßÃÑ¡v«ä·Q¦³Ãö¡S³o
        ¬O¤@­Ó­È±o­«µøªº°ÝÃD¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥»½Z±N¥H¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤¤¤§²Ä
        ¤Q¤T¦a¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¬°¥D¡A¨Ó°Q½×ºØºØ¡u°ß¡v¤§¥Î¨Ò¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ
        ¨ä¤£¦Pªºªí²{·N¸q¡A¨Ã¥B±´¨s¨ä¹ê½î¤W¡B«ä·Q¤Wªº¨ãÅ餺®e
        ¡CÂǦ¹¥H¬ðÅãªì´Á·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤§¹ê½î»P«ä·Q¤Wªº¤@¨Ç¯S¼x¡C

        ¤G¡B°ß´¼¡B°ß¨£¡B°ß¾Ð©À

            ±q¤U¦C¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¡u¬Û¦ü¡v(pratirupa, gzugs brnan)
        ©Ò½t(alambana¡AÁI©w¹ï¶H)¤§©w¸q¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¥iµo²{¦³¡u°ß´¼
        ¡v(jnana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v(darsana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¾Ð©À¡v
        (pratismrta-matra)µ¥¤T­Ó¡u°ß¡vªº¥Î¨Ò¡C

              ¬O·ì¦÷®v©ó¬Û¦ü½t¦w¦í¨ä¤ß¡A¿×©¼¤ñ¥C©ó©¼©¼©Òª¾¨Æ
              ¬°±ý²¾Ü¡B·¥Â²¾Ü¡B¹M´M«ä¡B¹M¦ø¹î¬G¡A©ó¥ý©Ò¨£¡B
              ©Ò»D¡B©Òı¡B©Òª¾¨Æ¡A¥Ñ¨£¡B»D¡Bı¡Bª¾¼W¤W¤O¬G¡A
              ¥H¤T¼¯¦h¦a§@·N«ä±©¤À§O¦Ó°_³Ó¸Ñ¡C©¼Áö©ó¨ä¥»©Òª¾
              ¨Æ¡A     ¤£¯à©M¦X²{«eÆ[¹î¡A     µM©ó¨ä¥»¨Æ¬Û¦ü
              (pratirupaka)      ¦Ó¥Í¡A     ©ó©¼©Ò½t¦³©¼¬Û¦ü
              (pratibhasa)¡B   °ß´¼   (jnana-matra)¡B   °ß¨£
              (darsana-matra) ¡B °ß¥¿¾Ð©À (pratismrta-matra)
              ¡C(¤j 30, 428a28ff.;SBh 199, 9ff.; Tp 93b7ff.)


            ¦b¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A ©Ò¿×¡u¬Û¦ü¡v( pratirupa,  gzugs
        brnan)ªº·§©À»P¡u¼v¹³¡v(pratibimba, gzugs brnan) ¤§¥Î
        »y¡A©ó±ë»y»y¸q¤W¬Ûªñ¡A¦bÂÃĶ¤¤«h¥H¦P»y½Ķ¡C¦]¦¹¡A§Ú
        ­Ì±N¦C¥X¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¤§¡u¦³¤À§O¼v¹³¡vªº©w¸q(¥H B ªí¥Ü)
        ¡A¥H©M¤W­z¤§¡u¬Û¦ü©Ò½t¡v¤§©w¸q (¥H A ªí¥Ü)¤À(1)¡B(2)
        ¤G¬q§@¹ï·Ó(­«ÂI³B¥H¤U½uªí¥Ü)¡J

       (1)¢Ï¡J¬O·ì¦÷®v©ó¬Û¦ü½t¦w¦í¨ä¤ß ¡A ¿×©¼¤ñ¥C©ó©¼©¼©Òª¾
              (jneya)¨Æ(vastu)¡A ¬°±ý²¾Ü(vicinoti)¡B ·¥Â²¾Ü
              (pravicinoti)¡B¹M´M«ä(parivitarkayati)¡B¹M¦ø¹î
              (parim mansamapadyate)¬G¡A©ó¥ý©Ò¨£¡B©Ò»D¡B©Òı
              (mata)¡B©Òª¾(vijnata)¨Æ¡A ¥Ñ¨£¡B»D¡Bı¡Bª¾¼W¤W
              ¤O¬G¡A¥H¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a§@·N( samahita-bhumikena
              namaskanena)«ä±©(manasi-karoti)¤À§O(vikalpayati)
              ¦Ó°_³Ó¸Ñ(adhimucyate)¡C

       (1)¢Ð¡J¿×¦p¦³¤@©ÎÅ¥»D¥¿ªk¡B©Î±Ð±Â¡B±Ð»|¬°©Ò¨Ì¤î¡A©Î¨£
              ¡B©Î»D¡B©Î¤À§O¬G¡A©ó©Ò

                                  20 ­¶

              ª¾¨Æ¦P¤À¼v¹³¡A¥Ñ¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦aÏi¡¼ªÙ¨º¦æÆ[¹î¡B²¾Ü
              (vicinoti)¡B  ·¥Â²¾Ü   (pravicinoti)¡B  ¹M´M«ä
              (parivitarkayati)¡B       ¹M¦ø¹î        (parim
              mansa-mapadyate)¡C©Òª¾¨ÆªÌ¡A¿×©Î¤£²b¡B©Î·O·]¡B
              ©Î½t©Ê½t°_¡B©Î¬É®t§O¡B©Îªü¨ºªi¨º©À¡B©ÎÄ­µ½¥©¡B
              ©Î¬Éµ½¥©¡B©Î³Bµ½¥©¡B©Î½t°_µ½¥©¡B©Î³B«D³Bµ½¥©©Î
              ¤U¦a¡¼©Ê¤W¦aÀR©Ê¡B©Î­W¿Í¶°¿Í·À¿Í¹D¿Í¡A¬O¦W©Òª¾
              ¨Æ¡C¦¹©Òª¾¨Æ©Î¨Ì±Ð±Â¡B±Ð»|¡A©ÎÅ¥»D¥¿ªk¬°©Ò¨Ì¤î
              ¡A¥O¤T¼¯¦h¦a§@·N²{«e¡A§Y©ó©¼ªk¦Ó°_³Ó¸Ñ¡A§Y©ó©Ò
              ª¾¨Æ¦Ó°_³Ó¸Ñ¡C(  ¤j  30,  427a27ff.;  SBh 193,
              7ff.; Tp 90a8ff)

            ­º¥ý¡A¨Ì¾Ú B¡A¥iª¾¹D A ¤¤©Ò¿×¡u©Òª¾¨Æ¡v ( jneya-
        vastu)¬O«ü (1)¤£²b¡B·O·]¡B½t©Ê½t°_¡B¬É®t§O¡Bªü¨ºªi¨º
        ©Àµ¥¤­ºØ¡u²b¦æ©Ò½t¡v (²b¤Æªì¾ÇªÌ¤£¨}¦æ¬°¡B­Ó©ÊªºÁI©w
        ¹ï¶H)¡C(2)Ä­µ½¥©¡B¬Éµ½¥©¡B³Bµ½¥©¡B½t°_µ½¥©¡B³B«D³Bµ½
        ¥©µ¥¤­ºØµ½¥©©Ò½t (¥i¹ïªv°õµÛ¦Û¬Û§Úµ¥¡A·M©ó¦]¡B½t¡BµL
        ±`¡B­W¡BªÅ¡BµL§Úµ¥ )¡B (3)¤U¦a¡¼©Ê¤W¦aÀR©Ê¡B­W¿Í¶°¿Í
        ·À¿Í¹D¿Íµ¥¡u²b´b©Ò½t¡v(¤j 30, 428a1 8ff. )¡C

             ¨ä¦¸¡A ¡u¼v¹³¡v©ÎªÌ¡u¬Û¦ü¡v¤§ÁI©w¹ï¶H¥Í°_¡A¬O¶·
        ¥H¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a( samahita-bhumika )¤¤¡u§@·N¡v¨Æ¬°¨ä¥²­n
        ªº±ø¥ó¡A¥ç´N¬O©óÁI©w¹ï¶H¯à¥Í°_¡u³Ó¸Ñ¡vªº¤ß©Òªk¡C

        (2)¢Ï¡J©¼Áö©ó¨ä¥»©Òª¾¨Æ¡A ¤£¯à©M¦X  (samahita)  ²{«e
               (sammukh-bhuta)Æ[¹î¡AµM©ó¨ä¥»¨Æ¬Û¦ü(pratirupaka)
               ¦Ó¥Í(utpadyate)¡A©ó©¼©Ò½t¦³©¼¬Û¦ü(pratibhasa)
               ¡B°ß´¼ (jna na-matra) ¡B°ß¨£(darsana-matra)¡B
               °ß¥¿¾Ð©À(pratismrta-matra)¡C

               des  ses bya'i dnos  po  ne  bar  gyur   cin/
               mnon du  gyur pa  de nid  mi mthon mod kyi/ '
               on  kyan  de  la de'  i  gzugs   brnan  dan /
               de'i  snan  brnan  ye ses  tsam mam/ mthon bo
               tsam  man/  rjes  su dran  pa tsam' byun bar'
               gyru te (utpadyate)/

       (2)¢Ð¡J©¼©óº¸®É¡A©ó©Òª¾¨Æ¦p²{»â¨ü(pratyaksanubhavika)
              ³Ó¸Ñ (adhimoksa) ¦ÓÂà¡CÁö©¼©Òª¾¨Æ«D²{»â¨ü
              (pratyaks bhuta) ©M¦X²{«e (samavahitam sammukh
              bhutam)¡A¥ç«D©Ò¾lºØÃþª«(anyat-tajjatiyam dravyam)
              ¡AµM¥Ñ¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a³Ó¸Ñ»â¨ü(adhimoksa-anubhava)¡B
              ¬Û¦ü§@·N»â¨ü (tadrso manaskara-anubhava)¡A©¼©Ò
              ª¾¨Æ¬Û¦üÅã²{(pratibhasa)¡A¥Ñ¦¹¹D²z¦W©Òª¾¨Æ¦P¤À
              (jneyavastu-sabhaga)(µù 1) ¼v¹³(gzugs brnan)¡C

            ²Ä¤G¬q¬O¡A ¨Ì©ó¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a¤§³Ó¸Ñ(adhimoksa)ªº§@¥Î
        ¡A¦UºØ©Ò­×ªºÁI©w¹ï¶H

                                  21 ­¶

        ( ©Òª¾¨Æ ) ÁöµM¤£²{¦s©ó²´«e (na sammukh-bhuta)¡A¦¹¤H
        «o¯à¥Í°_¡u°ß´¼¡v¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v¡B¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v¤§¡u¬Û¦ü¡v¹ï
        ¶H (gzugs brnan)¡B©Î¦P¤À¡u¼v¹³¡v (gzugs brnan)¡C

            ¦]¦¹¥iª¾¡J ¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a¤¤¤§¡u¬Û¦ü¡v ( pratirupaka,
        gzugs brnan) ©Ò½t©Î¡u¼v¹³¡v(gzugs brnan)¬O¥H¡u°ß´¼¡v
        (jnana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v(darsana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v
        (pratismrta-matra)µ¥¥Î»y¨Óªí²{ªº¡C­Y¨Ì¦¹µ¥ªí²{¨Ó¬Ý¡A
        À³¸Ó¬O«Ü®e©ö³s·Q¨ì»P¡u°ßÃÑ¡v«ä·Q¦³Ãö¡C¨Ò¦p¦b¡m¸Ñ²`±K
        ¡n¡u¤À§O·ì¦÷«~¡v(µù 2) ¤¤¡A¦³¤U¦Cªº±Ô­z¡J

            ¥@´L¡I½ÑÏi¡¼ªÙ¨º¤T¼¯¦a©Ò¦æ¼v¹³¡A©¼»P¦¹¤ß¡A·í¨¥¦³
            ²§¡S·í¨¥µL²§¡S¦ò§i·O¤óµÐÂĤê¡Jµ½¨k¤l¡I·í¨¥µL²§¡C
            ¦ó¥H¬G¡S¥Ñ©¼¼v¹³°ß¬OÃѬG ( gsugs brnan  de  rnam
            par rig  pa tsam du zad pa'i phyir te)¡Cµ½¨k¤l¡I
            §Ú»¡ÃÑ©Ò½t( rnam par ses pa'i dmigs pa )¡A°ßÃÑ©Ò
            ²{(rnam par rig pa tsam gyis rab tu phye ba)¬G¡C

            §Y¿×¡J¡u¡e©óÏi¡¼ªÙ¨ºªº¤T¼¯¦a¤¤¡f¦¹¤@¼v¹³°ß¬OÃѦÓ
        ¤w( vijnapti-matra )¡v¡C ¤S¦b¡mÄá½×¡n(µù 3) ¤¤¡A¥ç¤Þ
        ¥Î¦¹¤@¦³¦Wªº¤å¥y¦ÓÄ~Äò½×­z¦p¤U¡J

                ©ó©w¤ß¤¤¡AÀH©ÒÆ[¨£½Ñ«C·ïµ¥©Òª¾¼v¹³¡A¤@¤ÁµL§O
                «C·ïµ¥¨Æ¡A¦ý¨£¦Û¤ß¡A¥Ñ¦¹¹D²z¡AµÐÂÄ©ó¨ä¤@¤ÁÃÑ
                ¤¤¡AÀ³¥i¤ñª¾¬Ò°ß¦³ÃÑ¡AµL¦³¹Ò¬É¡C¤S©ó¦p¬O«C·ï
                µ¥¤¤«D¾Ð«ùÃÑ¡A¨£©Ò½t¹Ò²{«e¦í¬G¡C
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 1) ¡qÁn»D¦a¡r(¤j 30¡A450c6 ¡ã 7; SBh 363,4 ¡ã 6)
               ¡u°Ý¡J ¦¹©Ò½t¹Ò¬O½Ö (kasya) ¦P¤À (sabhaga) »¡
               ¬°¦P¤À¡S µª¡G ¬O©Òª¾¨Æ (jneya-vastu) ¬Û¦ü«~Ãþ
               (pratirupaka)¬G¦W¦P¤À¡v¡C¤S¡A©Ò¿×¦P¤À(sabhaga)
               ¡A¥ç§Y¡m­ÑªÙ¡n¤§ "yo hi visayo yasya vijnanasya
               niyato  yadi  tatra  tad  vijnanam   utpannam
               bhavaty  utpattidharmi va sa visayah sab haga
               ity ucyate/" ¡u­Y¹Ò»PÃÑ©w¬°©Ò½t¡AÃÑ©ó¨ä¤¤¤w¥Í
               ¡B¥Íªk¡A¦¹©Ò½t¹Ò»¡¦W¦P¤À¡v ( ¤j 29¡A 10a5ff.;
               Abhidh-k-bh (E) p.43. 12ff.)¡C

               ­Y¨Ì "yah svakarmakrt sabhaga iti/"  ¡u­Y§@¦Û
               ·~¦W¬°¦P¤À¡v( ¤j 29, 10a14;  Abhidh-k-bh  (E)
               p.43. 23) ªº©w¸q¡A ¬Y¤@¹ï¶H¡A§Y¨Ï²{¦b¤£³Q»{ÃÑ
               ¡A ¦ý¦b¹L¥h©Î¥¼¨Ó¥²©w·|³Q»{ÃÑ¡A¦¹¤@¹ï¶HºÙ¬°¦P
               ¤À¡C ©ó¦¹¡A©Ò¿×¦P¤ÀªÌ¡A©Òª¾¨Æ§Y¨Ï¤£¦s¦b©ó²{¤µ
               ¥Ø«e¡A ¥çÅã¥Ü»P¨ä¨ã¦³¬Û¦P§@¥Î¤§ª«¡A¦¹§Y¼v¹³¡C

        (µù 2) ¤j 16, 698a27; Samdh(L) p.90f; ³¥¿AÀRÃÒ (1957
               ,206,n.2)

        (µù 3) ¤j31, 138b15ff.:¡mÄá½× ( ¥@ )¡n(H) ¤j 31,
               338c3ff.;  MSg(N) ¤W p. 290.

                                  22 ­¶

            §Y¬O»¡¡J©óÁI©w¤§¤¤©Ò¨£¡e¤£²b©Ò½t¤§¡f«C·ïµ¥½Ñ¼v¹³
        ¡A¤£¬O§O¦³«C·ïµ¥¤@¤Á½Ñªk¡C°ß¬O¨£¦Û¤ß¦Ó¤w¡CµÐÂÄ©ó¤@¤Á
        ÃѤ§¤¤¡Aª¾¤@¤Á¥~¹Ò¬Ò°ß¬OÃѦӤw¡A«D¦³¹ê¦bªº¹Ò¬É¡C¨Ã¥B
        ¡e©óÁI©w¤¤¡fÆ[¹î¥H¤W«C·ïµ¥¨Æ¡A¥ç«D°O¾Ð¤§ÃÑ¡A¦]¬°©Ò½t
        ¤§¹Ò¦w¦í©ó²{«e¤§¬G¡C

            ©Ò¥H¡A¦b¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A »¡©ú¬Û¦ü(pratirupaka)©Ò½t
        ªº¥Î»y¡A¦p¬Û¦ü (pratibhasa)(µù 4)¡B°ß´¼(jnana-matra)
        ¡B°ß¨£(darsana-matra)¡B °ß¥¿¾Ð©À(pratismrta-matra)µ¥
        ½Ñªí²{¡A½T¹ê©M¡m¸Ñ²`±K¡n¡B¡mÄá½×¡nµ¥°ßÃÑ«ä·Q»á¬°¬Ûªñ
        ¡A(µù 5)©ÎªÌ¥i»¡¬O¡u°ßÃÑ¡v«ä·Qªº¥ýÅX¥Î»y¡C¦ý¬O¡A§Ú­Ì
        ¤]À³ª`·N¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤©Ò¿×¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v(pratismrta-matra)
        ¤§·N²[¡C

            ¦ó¥H¬G¡S¦]¬°¦b¡mÄá½×¡n(µù 6)¤¤©Ò»¡ªº«C·ï¡BÁwÄêµ¥
        ºØºØ¼v¹³¬OÂA©ú¦a§e²{¦b²´«e¡A¦ý¬O´¶³qªº°O¾Ð«o¬OÀǬNªº
        ¡C©Ò¥H¡A¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤©Ò¨¥¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v(pratismrta-matra)
        ªº¡u¥¿¾Ð©À¡v¡A©M´¶³qªº°O¾Ð¬Û¤¬°Ï§O¬O¦³¥²­nªº¡C

            ¬°¤F¯à§ó¤F¸Ñ¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤§¥H¡u°ß´¼¡v¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v¡B¡u
        °ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡vµ¥¥Î»y¨Ó»¡©ú¡u¬Û¦ü¡v©Ò½t©Î¡u¼v¹³¡v¦b¹ê»Ú­×
        ¦æÁI©w®Éªº·N¸q¡A§Ú­Ì±N°Q½×«n¤è¤W®y³¡¨t²Îªº¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n
        ¡BVismµ¥¤¤©Ò­z(1) ¹M§@(·Ç³Æ)¬Û (parikamma-nimitta)¡B
        (2) ¨ú¬Û  (uggaha-nimitta) ¡B  (3) ©¼¤À¬Û (¡×¦ü¬Û ¡A
        patibhaga-nimitta) µ¥­×¦æÁI©wªº¤T­Ó¨BÆJ¡C(µù 7) ¨ä¤¤
        ²Ä¤T¨BÆJ¤§¡u©¼¤À¬Û¡v(¡×¦ü¬Û)¤§¥Î»y¡A¥i»P¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤
        ¡u¬Û¦ü¡v( pratirupaka, gzugs brnan )©Ò½t©ÎªÌ¡u¦P¤À¡v
        ( sabhaga )¡u¼v¹³¡v( gzugs brnan )ªº¥Î»y§@¤ñ¸û¡C

            ¦]¬°¡A¦b¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¤¤¡A ¦³Ãö¡u¬Û¡v(nimitta)ªº©w¸q
        ¡A¬O¥H¦p¤Uªº¦](cause)¡B´¼(wisdom)¡B¹³(image)µ¥¦Ó§@»¡
        ©ú¡C(µù 8)

            ¬ÛªÌ¦ó¸q¡S¿×¦](cause)¸q¬Û¸q¡F ¦p¦ò±Ð¤ñ¥C¡A©¼½Ñ´c
            ¤£µ½ªk¦³¬Û°_¡A¬O¦]½t¸q¡C´_»¡´¼(wisdom)¸q¬Û¸q¡F¦p
            »¡¥H§@·Q·í±Ë¡A¬O¿×´¼¸q¡C´_»¡¹³
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 4) ¾Ú¤ª¡J"pratibhasa, abhasa"µ¥¥Î»y¬O±q MSA, MAV
               °_¡A¤~ÀWÁc³Q¨Ï¥Î (¾î¤sÓT¤@ 1971, 34ff.)¡C¤S¥i
               °Ñ¦Ò¤W¥Ð¸q¤å (1958, 271ff.) ¡B¾î¤sÓT¤@ (1975,
               3ff.)¡B ¾î¤sÓT¤@(1979, 17f.)¡C

        (µù 5) ¤p¨¦«H¤d¥N(1980, 63f.)¡C

        (µù 6) ¡mÄá½×(¥@)¡n(H) (¤j31, 339a2f.)¡u¦¹¦í²{«e¤À©ú
               ¨£¬G¡A©¼¾ÐÃÑ©Ò¨£·t¬N¡A¦¹²{«e¦í©Ò¨£¤À©ú¡v¡C

        (µù 7) ¤j32, 413c19ff.,  Vism 125, 18ff., ¥i°Ñ¦Ò¦õÃÃ
               ±K¶¯(1973 , 945f.)¡C

        (µù 8) ¤j32, 414c29ff., Vim(E) p.78¡C

                                  23 ­¶

            (image) ¸q¬Û¸q¡F¦p¦Û¨£­±¹³·Q¹³¡A©¼¤ÀµL²§¸q¡C

            ¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¦b¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A¬Û·í©ó¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¤¤¡u¬Û
        ¡v( nimitta ) ¤§¥Î»y¡A¥ç§Y¼v¹³ ( pratibimba ) ªº§O¦W
        ( paryayanama )¡A(µù 9) ¨ä©w¸q¬O¡J

              §Y¦¹¼v¹³¡A¥ç¦W¼v¹³ ( gzugs brnan )¡A¥ç¦W¤T¼¯¦a
              ¬Û ( tin ne ¡¦ dsin gyi mtshan ma )¡A ¥ç¦W¤T¼¯
              ¦a©Ò¦æ¹Ò¬É (sbyon yul) ¡A ¥ç¦W¤T¼¯¦a¤f (thabs)
              ¡A¥ç¦W¤T¼¯¦aªù (sgo)¡A¥ç¦W§@·N³B  (yid la byed
              pa ¡¦ i rten )¡A¥ç¦W¤º¤À§OÅé (nan du rnam  par
              rtog  pa ¡¦ i lus )¡A ¥ç¦W¥ú¼v (snan  brnan)¡A
              ¦p¬Oµ¥Ãþ·íª¾¦W¬°©Òª¾¨Æ¦P¤À¼v¹³
              (jneyavastu-sabhagasya  pratibimba) ½Ñ¦W®t§O
              (paryayanama )¡C

            ¨ä¤¤¡A©Ò¿×¤T¼¯¦a¬Û (tin ne ¡¦dsin gyi mtshan ma)
        ªº¦WºÙ¡A©Î³\§Y¬O·N¨ý¦b¤T¼¯¦a¤¤ªº¬Û ( samadhi-nimitta
        ¡S)¡C©Ò¥H¡A ¦b©w¸q¤W¡A¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤§¡u¼v¹³¡v©M¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D
        ¡nµ¥¡u¬Û¡v¤§»¡ªk¬O¤@­Pªº¡C

            ¨ä¦¸¡A¦b¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n(µù 10)¤¤¡A¦³Ãö¡u¨ú¬Û¡v(uggaha-
        nimitta)©M¡u©¼¤À¬Û¡v(¡×¦ü¬Û¡Apatibhaga-nimitta) ªº°Ï
        §O¬O¡J

              ¤ª¦ó¦W¨ú¬Û¡S­Y§¤ÁI¤H¥H¤£´²¤ß²{Æ[°Òªûù¡A±q°Òªû
              ù°_·Q¡A¦p©óµêªÅ©Ò¨£¡A©Î®É»·¡B©Î®Éªñ¡B©Î®É¥ª¡A
              ©Î®É¥k¡B©Î®É¤j¡B©Î®É¤p¡B©Î®ÉÁà¡B©Î®É¦n¡B©Î®É¦h
              ¡A©Î®É¤Ö¡B¤£¥H²´Æ[°Òªûù¡A¥H§@·N¤è«K¨ú¬Û°_¡A¬O
              ¦W¨ú¬Û¡C

              ±q©¼§@¦h¬G¡A©¼¤À¬Û°_¡C¦W©¼¤À¬ÛªÌ¡A­Y§@·N®ÉÀH¤ß
              §Y²{¡A«D¨£°Òªûù«á¥Í¤ß©À¡A¦ý§@¤ß³¬²´¦p¥ý©ÒÆ[¡A
              ­Y»·§@·N¥ç§Y»·¨£¡A©Îªñ¡B¥ª¡B¥k¡B«e¡B«á¡B¤º¡B¥~
              ¡B¤W¡B¤U¥ç´_¦p¬O¡CÀH¤ß§Y²{¡A¦¹¿×©¼¤À¬Û¡C

            §Y¡J©Ò¿×¡u¨ú¬Û¡v¡A¥¦¨Ã«D¨Ì¤£´²¶Ã¤ß©Î²´µ¥¡e¤­ÃÑ¡f
        ¡A¤D¬O¨Ì©ó¡e·NÃѤ§¡f§@·N¤è«K¡C¶i¦ÓÀHµÛ¹ï¨ú¬Û¤§¤ÏÂЭ×
        ²ß¡B§@·N¡A¦Ó¥ß§Y±q¤ß(¡×·NÃÑ)©Ò²{ªÌ¡A¬O¬°¡u©¼¤À¬Û¡v
        (¡×¦ü¬Û)¡C¤S©ó Vism(µù 11) ¨ä±Ô­z«h¬O¡J
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 9) ¤j 30, 427b24; SBh 195, 10(incomplete); Tp 91
               bl; Td 76a2.¤S "pratibimba, bimba "¤§»y¸q¡A¥i
               °Ñ¦Ò¥ìÃèq¾Ë (1972)¡BMSg(N)¤W (293)¡B¾î¤sÓT¤@
                (1979, 30)¡C

        (µù 10) ¤j32, 414c19ff., Vim(E) p.77, "grasping sign
                and after-image".

        (µù 11) Vism(4.29-30) "Kalena ummletva, Kalena minletva
                avajjitabbam. Yava uggaha-nimittam nuppajjati,
                tava  kala-satam  pi kala-sahassam pi tato
                bhiyyo pi eten' eva

                                  24 ­¶

              ©Î¦³®É¶}¥Ø§â´¤¡u¬Û¡v¡A©Î¦³®É³¬¥Ø¡B¡e¥O¤ß¡fÁͦV
              ©ó¡u¬Û¡v¡C¦b¡u¨ú¬Û¡v ( uggaha-nimitta ) ¥¼¥Í°_
              ¤§«e¡A¦Ê¹M¤d¹M¤D¦Ü§ó¦h¹M¡AÀ³·í¤£Â_¦a­×²ß¦¹¤@¤è
              ªk¡C·í¦p¦¹­×²ß³¬¥Ø¡e¥O¤ß¡fÁͦV©ó¬Û¤§»Ú¡A©M¶}¥Ø
              ¤§®É¬Û¦P¦a¡A­Y¡e¬Û¦b¤ß¤¤¡f¥X²{¡A¦¹®É¦W¬°¡u¨ú¬Û
              ¡v ( uggaha-nimitta ) ªº¥Í°_¡C

              ´_¦¸¡A¶i¦ÓÀ³¡e¥O¤ß©ó¬Û¡f±M©À¡B´M¡B¦ø¡C­Y¯à¦p¬O
              ¡A   «h¦¸²Ä§í¨î½Ñ»\¡A   ÀR¤î½Ñ·Ð´o¡A  ¨Ìªñ¦æ©w
              (upacara-samadhi)   ¦Óµ¥«ù¨ä¤ß¡A  ¥Í°_¡u¦ü¡v¬Û
              (patibhaga-nimitta)¡C

            ¨ä¦¸¡AÃö©ó¡u¨ú¬Û¡v ( uggaha-nimitta ) ©M¡u¦ü¬Û¡v
       (patibhaga-nimitta)¦bÂA©ú«×©M¯Âºé©Ê¤W¦³¦óµ¥®t§O¡S
        ¨ä»¡©ú¦p¤U¡J(µù 12)

              ¨ú¬Û (uggaha-nimitta)©M¦ü¬Û(patibhaga-nimitta)
              ªº®t²§¦p¦¸¡J¦ü¬Û¤ñ°_¨ú¬Û¡A¬O¦Ê­¿¤D¦Ü¤d­¿¦a·¥ºÝ
              ²M´·¦aÅã²{¡C¤S¡A¦ü¬Û¬OµL¦â¡BµL§Îªº¡C­Y¦³§Î¦âªº
              ¸Ü¡A«h¬O²´¤§©ÒÃÑ¡A¬O¤@ºØ¡¼ªº»{ª¾¡A±N¦³¡e¥Í¦í·À
              ªº¡f¤T¬Û¡C¦ý¦¹«h¤£µM¡A°ß¦³±o©wªÌ©Ò²{¤§¦æ¬Û¡A¦¹
              ¤D¥Ñ·Q¦Ó¥Í°_ªÌ¡C

            ­Y¾ã²z¤W­z«n¤è¤W®y³¡¨t²Î¡A ¦p¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¡BVism µ¥
        ¤§¤¤(1) ¹M§@(·Ç³Æ)¬Û( parikamma-nimitta )¡B (2)¨ú¬Û
        (uggaha-nimitta)¡B(3)©¼¤À¬Û(=¦ü¬Û¡Apatibhaga-nimitta)
        µ¥­×ÁI©wªº¤T¶¥¬q¡A±N¨ä©M¡qÁn»D¦a¡r(µù 13)©Ò»¡(1)¬ÛºÙ
        (anurupa)½t(²b¦æ¡Bµ½¥©¡B²b´b©Ò½t)¡÷(2)¬Û¦ü(pratirupa)
        ½t(¦³¤À§O¼v¹³¡BµL¤À§O¼v¹³¡Apratibimba)µ¥·ì¦÷¦æªº¶¶§Ç
        ¬Û¤¬¤ñ¸û¡A«h¦³¦p¤Uµ²½×¡J
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
                nayena bhavetabbam. Tass' evam bhavayato yada
                nimletva   avajjantassa   ummlita-kale   viya
                apatham agacchati, tada uggaha-nimittam jatam
                nama hoti."


                Vism(4.30-1) "punappunam  samannaharitabbam,
                takkahatam  vitakkahatam katabbam.Tass' evam
                karontassa anukkamena nivaranani vikkhambhanti,
                kilesa sannisidanti, upacara-samadhina cittam
                samadhiyati, patibhaga-nimittam uppajjati."

        (µù 12) Vism    (4.31)   "tato  satagunam  sahagunam
                suparisuddham hutva upatt hati.  Tan  ca kho
                pana  neva  vannavantam,  na-santhanavantam,
                yadi hi tam idisam bhaveyya, cakkhu-vinneyyam
                siya    olarikam    sammasanupagam    tilak-
                khanabbhahatam.  Na pan' etam tadisam, kevalam
                hi  samadhi-labhino   upatthanakaramattam  :
                -sannajam etan ti".

        (µù 13) ¤j30, 427c27ff.,(SBh 197, 17ff.; Tp 92b5ff.;
                Td 77alff.)

                                  25 ­¶

              (1) ¦b³Ìªìªº¶¥¬q¡A¬Û¹ï©ó Vism ©Ò»¡¡u©Î¦³®É¶}¥Ø
        §â´¤¦í¬Û ¡A  ©Î¦³®É³¬¥Ø ¡e¥O¤ß¡f ÁͦV©ó¬Û ¡C  ¦b¨ú¬Û
        (uggaha-nimitta) ¥Í°_¤§«e¡A¦Ê¹M¤d¹M¤D¦Ü§ó¦h¹M¡A À³·í
        ¤£Â_¦a­×²ß¦¹¤@¤èªk¡v¤§­×ªk¡A¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n(µù 14) ªº³W©w
        ¦p¤U¡J

              °Ý¡J¤ª¦óµ¥Æ[¡Cµª¡J§¤ÁI¤H²{Æ[°Òªûù¡A«D¤j¶}²´¡B
              «D¤j³¬²´¡A¦p¬O·íÆ[¡C¦ó¥H¬G¡S­Y¤j¶}²´¡A¨ä²´¦¨ÕW
              ¡A°Òªûù¦Û©Ê²{¨£¦Û©Ê¡A©¼¤À·Q¤£°_¡C­Y³Ì³¬²´¨£¡A
              °Òªûù¦¨îî¡A¥ç¤£¨£©¼¬Û¡A«K¥Í¾Ó«å¡A¬O¬GÀ³Â÷¤j¶}
              ²´¡B¤j³¬²´¡C

            §Y¡J²´¤£¤j±i¶}¡A ¥ç¤£¥þ³¬¡A ©Ò¿×¡u¥b²´¡v(µ¥Æ[¡A
        even gazing )ªº§@ªk¡C¨Ì¦¹¥iª¾¡A¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n©M Vism ¤G
        ªÌ¡A ¦b³Ìªìªº·Ç³Æ¶¥¬q¡AÃö©ó²´ªº¶}³¬¤§¬Ýªk¬O¦h¤Ö¦³©Ò
        ¥X¤Jªº¡C

            ¦b Abhidhammatta-sangaha  (¡mÄáªü¹F¿i¸q½×¡n)¤¤¡A
        ¦¹®Éªº¤ß²z§@¥Î¬OÄÝ©ó¤­Ãѧ@¥Î¡A¬GºÙ¤§¬°¹M§@ (·Ç³Æ) ¬Û
        (parikamma-nimitta) ¡C(µù 15) ¦ý©ó¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A¦³Ãö
        ²´ªº¶}³¬¨Ã¨S¦³³W©w¡C

            (2)­Y¦h¦¸¦a½m²ß¦¹¤@§@ªk¡A ¤£½×³¬¥Ø¤§»Ú¡B©Î¶}¥Ø¤§
        ®É¡A³£¯à¦P¼Ë¦aÅã²{ªº¸Ü¡A ¦¹®Éªº©Ò½tºÙ¬°¨ú¬Û (uggaha-
        nimitta) ¡A ¦¹¤D¥ÑÄÝ©ó·NÃѪº»{Ãѧ@¥Î¦Ó¥Í°_¡A¦ý¬O¡A¨ä
        ÂA©ú«×©M¯Âºé©Ê«h©|¥¼¹F¨ìÁI©w¤¤©Ò½tªº¼Ð·Ç¡C¦b¡qÁn»D¦a
        ¡r¤¤¡A¹ï©ó¦¹¤@¶¥¬q¡A¦ü¥G¨Ã¥¼½á¤©¯S©wªº¦WºÙ¡C

            (3)µM«á¡A¥²¶·¹ï©ó¦¹¡u¨ú¬Û¡v±M©À¡B´M¡B¦ø¡C ÀHµÛ¨ä
        ½m²ß¡A  ¦¸²Ä¦a§í¨î½Ñ»\¡A  ÀR¤î½Ñ·Ð´o¡A  ¨Ìªñ¦æ©w
        (upacara-samadhi) ¦Ó¤ß±oµ¥«ù®É(©Ò²{)¤§¼v¹³¡AºÙ¬°¡u¦ü
        ¬Û¡v( patibhaga-nimitta )¡C

            ¦¹®É¡A«e¥b¬q©Ò¿×¡u¥²¶·¹ï©ó¦¹¤@¨ú¬Û±M©À¡B´M¡B¦ø¡v
        ªº¶¥¬q¡A ¬Û·í©ó¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤©Ò»¡¡A·ì¦÷®v¥H¬ÛºÙ½t(²b¦æ
        ¡B µ½¥©¡B ²b´b©Ò½t)¬°¤º®eªº ¡u©Òª¾¨Æ¡v (jneya-vastu)
        ¬°¹ï¶H ¡A  ¦Ó±q¨Æ ¡u¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦aÏi¡¼ªÙ¨º¦æÆ[¹î ¡B ²¾Ü
        (vicinoti)   ¡B   ·¥Â²¾Ü   (pravicinoti)  ¡B  ¹M´M«ä
        (parivitarkayati) ¡B¹M¦ø¹î ( parim mansamapadyate )
        ...... ¡v¤§¡u¦³¤À§O¼v¹³¡v©w¸q¡C

            ¨ä¦¸¡A¡uÀHµÛ¨ä½m²ß¡A¦¸²Ä¦a§í¨î½Ñ»\¡AÀR¤î½Ñ·Ð´o¡A
        ¨Ìªñ¦æ©w (upaca ra-samadhi) ¤à¦Ó¤ß±oµ¥«ù¡vªº¶¥¬q¡A«h
        ©M¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¦p¤U©Ò»¡¡uµL¤À§O¼v¹³¡vªº©w¸q¤j­P¬Û·í¡J
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 14) ¤j32, 413b13; Vim(E) p.76, "even gazing".

        (µù 15) Abhidh-s p.42; Abhidh-s(E) p.283f.¡F¤S°Ñ¦Ò¤ô
                ³¥¥°¤¸ (1978, 923)¡B¦õÃñK¶¯ (1973, 944f.)¡C

                                  26 ­¶

              ¿×­×Æ[¦æªÌ¡A¨ü¨ú¦p¬O¼v¹³¤w¡A¤£´_Æ[¹î¡B²¾Ü¡B·¥
              ²¾Ü¡B¹M´M«ä¡B¹M¦ø¹î¡CµM§Y©ó¦¹©Ò½t¼v¹³¡A¥H°ø¼¯
              ¥L¦æ±IÀR¨ä¤ß¡A§Y¬O¤EºØ¦æ¬Û¥O¤ß¦w¦í¡J¿×¡A¥O¤ß¤º
              ¦í¡Bµ¥¦í¡B¦w¦í¡Bªñ¦í¡B½Õ¥ñ¡B±IÀR¡B³Ì·¥±IÀR¡B¤@
              ½ì¡Bµ¥«ù¡C©¼©óº¸®É¦¨µL¤À§O¼v¹³¡A§Y©ó¦p¬O©Ò½t¼v
              ¹³¡A¤@¦V¤@½ì¦w¦í¨ä©À¡A¤£´_Æ[¹î¡J²¾Ü¡B·¥Â²¾Ü¡B
              ¹M´M«ä¡B ¹M¦ø¹î¡C ¬O¦WµL¤À§O¼v¹³ ( nirvikalpam
              pratibimbam)¡C( ¤j 30, 427b15; SBh 194, 21; Tp
              91a4 )

            ¦¹®É¡A©ó°ø¼¯¥L (¤j 30, 450c18ff;  SBh 363, 7ff.)
        ¤¤¡A¤º¦í¡Bµ¥¦í¡B¦w¦í¡Bªñ¦í¡B½Õ¥ñ¡B±IÀR¡B³Ì·¥±IÀR¡B¤@
        ½ì¡Bµ¥«ùµ¥¤E¦í¤ß(navakara-citta-sthiti) ¬O¬¡°Êªºª¬ºA
        ¡A¯à§í¨î¡BÀR¤î¥O¤ß´²¶Ãªº³g½Q·öµ¥¬Û¡A©ÎªÌ½Ñ´c´M«ä¡B³g
        ±ýµ¥½Ñ»\¡BÀH·Ð´o¡C

            ¯÷±N¦¹µ¥¤ñ¸ûµ²ªG¸Õ§@Âk¯Ç¦p¦¸¡J¨Ì¾Ú¡q¸Ñ²æ¹D¡r¡B
        Vism¤¤¡A¦³Ãö (1) ¹M§@¡]·Ç³Æ¡^¬Û(parikamma-nimitta)¡B
        (2) ¨ú¬Û (uggaha-nimitta)¡B(3) ©¼¤À¬Û ( =¦ü¬Û¡A
        patibhaga-nimitta ) µ¥¤T¶¥¬q¤ß²z§@¥Î¤§Åܤƪº»¡©ú¬Ý¨Ó
        ¡A¥iª¾¦¹¤@¶¶§Ç¤D¬O·N¿×µÛ¤­ÃÑ©M·NÃѪº®t²§¡A¤Î¨ä§â´¤©Ò
        ½tªºÂA©ú«×©M¯Âºé©Êªºµ{«×¤§®t§O¡C©Ò¥H¡A¦¹¤T¶¥¬q¥i¥H°Ï
        §O¦p¤U¡J

            (1)¡u¹M§@(·Ç³Æ)¬Û¡v¬OÄÝ©ó¤­ÃѪº»{Ãѧ@¥Î¡C

            (2)¡u¨ú¬Û¡vÁöÄÝ©ó·NÃѪº»{Ãѧ@¥Î¡A ¦ý¦b§â´¤©Ò½tªº
               ÂA©ú«×©M¯Âºé©Ê¤W¡A©|¥¼¹F¨ìÁI©wªº¼Ð·Ç¡C

            (3)¡u©¼¤À¬Û¡v(¡×¦ü¬Û¡A¬Û·í©ó¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¬Û¦ü½t¤§¤À
               §O¼v¹³¡B µL¤À§O¼v¹³)¤DÄÝ©ó·NÃѪº»{Ãѧ@¥Î¡A ¥B
               ¦b§â´¤©Ò½tªºÂA©ú«×©M¯Âºé©Ê¤W¤w¹F¨ìÁI©wªº¼Ð·Ç¡C

            ¦]¦¹¡A¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A¥H¡u°ß´¼¡v¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v¡B¡u°ß¥¿
        ¾Ð©À¡vµ¥¥Î»y¨Ó»¡©ú¡u¬Û¦ü¡v©Ò½t©Î¡u¼v¹³¡v¡A¦b¹ê»Ú­×¦æ
        ÁI©w®Éªº·N¸q¡AÀ³¬O¥i¥H¦p¤Uªº¹Ï¦¡ªí¥Ü¡J

        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
       ¡qÁn»D¦a¡r             ¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¡BVism

       (1)¬ÛºÙ½t          ¢w(1)¹M§@¬Û(¤­ÃѪº§@¥Î)
       (2)¬Û¦ü½t:
          ¦³¤À§O¼v¹³(Æ[)¢w¢s(2)¨ú¬Û(·NÃѪº§@¥Î)
          µL¤À§O¼v¹³(¤î)¢w¢}(3)¦ü¬Û(·NÃѪº§@¥Î¡AÂA©ú¡B¯Âºé)
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w

        ¤T¡B¡u°ß¦æ¡v¡B¡u°ßªk¡v¡B¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¡B
            ¡u°ß¦]¡v¡B¡u°ßªG¡v¡B¡u°ßÄ­¡v

            ©ó¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¡A°£¤F¤W­zªº¡u°ß´¼¡v¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v¡B¡u°ß
        ¾Ð©À¡vµ¥¦³ÃöÁI©w­×¦æªº¥Î¨Ò¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¡u°ß¦æ¡v¡B¡u°ßªk
        ¡v¡B¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¡B¡u°ß¦]¡v¡B¡u°ßªG¡v¡B¡u°ßÄ­¡vµ¥¥Î¨Ò¡A¥¦
        ­Ì¬O§_¤]¬O»P­×ÁI©wªº¸gÅ禳Ãö¡S¯÷¦¬¶°¡B¤ÀÃþ¨ä¥Î¨Ò¡A¨Ã
        ¥B¦Ò¹î¥¦­Ì©Ò­nªí¹Fªº·N¸q¡C

                                  27 ­¶

       (1)½t©Ê½t°_©Ò½tªº©w¸q¡J

            ¤ª¦ó½t©Ê½t°_©Ò½t¡S¿×©ó¤T¥@  ( tryadhvasu )  °ß¦æ
            (samskara-matra) ¡B °ßªk ( dharma-matra ) ¡B°ß¨Æ
            ( vastu- matra ) ¡B °ß¦] ( hetu-matra ) ¡B  °ßªG
            (phala-matra) ¡B¼Z¥¿¹D²z ( yukti-patita ) ¡A¿×Æ[
            «Ý¹D²z¡B§@¥Î¹D²z¡BÃÒ¦¨¹D²z¡Bªkº¸¹D²z¡C°ß¦³½Ñªk¯à
            ¤Þ½Ñªk ( dharmanam eva dharma- aharatva ) ¡AµL¦³
            §@ªÌ¤Î¥H¨üªÌ ( niskaraka-vedakatva ) ¡F ¬O¦W½t©Ê
            ½t°_©Ò½t¡C©ó¦¹©Ò½t§@·N«ä±©¡A·ö¦æ¼W¤W¸É¯S¦÷ù©Ò¦³
            ·ö¦æ ( moha-carita ) ¬Ò±o·LÁ¡¡A©ó½Ñ·ö¦æ¡A ¤ß±o²M
            ²b¡C¬O¦W½t©Ê½t°_(idampratyayataprat tyasamutpada)
            ©Ò½t¡C ( ¤j  30,  430a7ff.;   SBh 210, 3ff.;  Tp
            99a7ff.; Td 81b7 )

       (2)¬°°£ºÃ»\(vicikitsa-nivarana)¦Ó¦p²z«ä±©ªº¤º®e¡J

            ¦p²z«ä±©¥h¨Ó¤µ¥@¡A°ß¨£¦³ªk( dharma-matra )¡B°ß¨£
            ¦³¨Æ (vastu-matra)¡Bª¾¦³ (sat) ¬°¦³¡Aª¾µL (asat)
            ¬°µL ¡A °ßÆ[¦³¦]   ( hetu-matra )  ¡B   °ßÆ[¦³ªG
            (phala-matra) ¡A©ó¹êµL¨Æ (asad-bhuta) ¤£¼W¤£¯q¡A
            ©ó¹ê¦³¨Æ (sad-vastu) ¤£·´¤£Á½¡A ©ó¨ä¹ê¦³ (bhuta)
            ¤Fª¾¹ê¦³¡C¿×©óµL±`¡B­W¡BªÅ¡BµL§Ú¤@¤Áªk¤¤¡A¤Fª¾µL
            ±`¡B­W¡BªÅ¡BµL§Ú¡C¥H¯à¦p¬O¦p²z«ä±©¡A«K©ó¦ò¡eªk¡B
            ¹¬¡B¥|¿Í¡f©ÒµL´bµLºÃ¡C¾l¦p«e»¡¡C(¤j 30,412b25ff.
            ¡FSBh 103, 6ff.; Tp 48a7ff.; Td 40b5ff.)

       (3)®©¤J¦w¨ºªi¨º©À½t°_  (pratityasamutpadam avatarati)
          ªº­×²ß¡J

            ­Y®ÉµL­Ë¯à¨£¯àª¾¡A °ß¦³½ÑÄ­ (skandha-matra) ¡B°ß
            ¦³½Ñ¦æ (samskara-matra) ¡B °ß¨Æ (vastu-matra) ¡B
            °ßªk (Skt. Tib. µL) ¡A©¼©óº¸®É¯à©ó½Ñ¦æ®©¤J½t°_¡C
            (¤j 30 , 431c26  7.;  SBh  226, 17 9;  Tp  105b1
            2; Td 86b3 4 )

       (4)Ä­µ½¥©ªº¤º®e¡J

            ¤ª¦óÄ­µ½¥©( skandha-kausalya )¡S¿×µ½¤Fª¾¦p©Ò»¡Ä­
            ¡A  ºØºØ®t§O©Ê   ( nanatmakata )  ¡A  «D¤@²³¦h©Ê
            (bahvatmakata) ¡A°£¦¹ªk¥~§óµL©Ò±o (upalabhate)¡B
            µL©Ò¤À§O ( vikalpayati )  ¡A  ¬O¦W²¤»¡Ä­µ½¥©¸q¡C
            (¤j 30, 433c21-3; SBh 243, 3-6;  Tp  111a4-5; Td
            91a4 )

            ¤ª¦ó°£¦¹ªk¥~§óµL©Ò±o  ( upalabhate ) ¡B µL©Ò¤À§O
            (vikalpayati )¡S¨¥°ßÄ­

                                  28 ­¶

              ( skandha-matra  ) ¥i±o¡A °ß¨Æ ( vastu-matra )
              ¥i±o¡A «DÂ÷Ä­¥~¦³§Ú ( atman ) ¥i±o¡B¦³±`ùÚ¦íµL
              ÅÜ©öªk¬O¥i±oªk¬O¥i±oªÌ  ¡C  ¥çµL¦³¤Öªk¬O§Ú©Ò¦³
              (atmiya)¡A¬G°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A§óµL©Ò±o¡BµL©Ò¤À§O¡C( ¤j
              30,433c29ff.;SBh 244,7-11;Tp112a4-6;Td 92a1-3)

            (5)¬°°£§Ú©Ò¨Ì¨Æ·M(atmasraya-vastu-sammoha)¦Ó«Ø¥ß
        ¨­©À¦í( kaya-smrty-upasthana )ªº²z¥Ñ¡J

            ¿×¥@¶¡ (loka) ¦h©ó½ÑÄ­¡A °ß¦³Ä­©Ê(skandha-matra)
            ¡B°ß¦³ªk©Ê (dharma-matra) ¡A ¤£¦p¹ê (yathabhuta)
            ª¾¡A ¾î­p¦³§Ú¡C ¨Ì¤î©ó¨­¡C ¥Ñ¨Ì¨­¬G......(¤j 30,
            441c22ff.;   SBh  305,  1-9;   Tp  138a4ff.;  Td
            112a1ff. )

            ­Y¾ã²z¥H¤W¤­ºØ¥Î¨Ò¡A¥i§@¦p¤U¤§Âk¯Ç¡J

       (1)¦b½t©Ê½t°_©Ò½tªº©w¸q¤W¡A¨Ì¾Ú°ß¦æ(samskara-matra) ¡B
          °ßªk(dharma-matra)¡B°ß¨Æ(vastu-matra)¡B °ß¦] (hetu
          -matra)¡B°ßªG(phala-matra)ªº¹D²z¡A¨Ó§_©w¡u§@ªÌ¡v©M
          ¡u¨üªÌ¡v(karaka-vedakat)¡C

       (2)¬°°£ºÃ»\¦Ó¦p²z«ä±©¤@¨Æ¡A¤D¨ÌÆ[¹î°ßªk(dharma-matra)
          ¡B°ß¨Æ(vastu-matra)¡B°ß¦](hetu-matra)¡B°ßªG(phala-
          matra )µ¥¡A¦Ó¤Fª¾µL±`¡B­W¡BªÅ¡BµL§Ú¡C

       (3)¦b­×²ß¦w¨ºªi¨º©À®É¡A­Y¯à²z¸Ñ°ß¦³½ÑÄ­(skandha-matra)
          ¡B°ß¦³½Ñ¦æ(samskara-matra)¡B°ß¨Æ(vastu-matra)¡B°ß
          ªk(±ë¥»¡BÂÃĶ¤¤µL)¡A«h¦W¦¹¤@¶¥¬q¬°®©¤J½t°_ªº­×²ß¡C


       (4)©Ò¿×Ä­µ½¥©¡A «Y«ü¨Ì©ó°ßÄ­ ( skandha-matra) ¡A °ß¨Æ
          (vastu-matra)ªº»{ÃÑ¡A«h¯à§_©w§Ú(atman)¦³±`ùÚ¦íµLÅÜ
          ©öªk¡B§Ú©Ò¦³(atm-ya)µ¥¦k°õ¡C

       (5)¬°¥h°£¤£ª¾°ß¦³Ä­©Ê  ( skandha-matra ) ¡B  °ß¦³ªk©Ê
          (dharma-matra) ¤§§Ú©Ò¨Ì¨Æ·M¡A ¬G¦³¨­©À¦í¤§«Ø¥ß¡C

            ¦¹¤¤¡AÁöµM¦b«ä·Q²W·½¤W¡A(1)(2)(3) µ¥¤TªÌ¡A¤D¨Ì©ó
        ½t°_ªº«ä·Q¦Ó¨Ó¡A(µù 16)¦Ó (4) ©M (5)¤GªÌ¡A«h®Ú·½©ó¤­
        Ä­¤§±Ð¡C¦ý©ó¥Øªº¤W¡A¥i¥H»¡¡J°ß¦æ (samskara-matra) ¡B
        °ßªk  (dharma-matra) ¡B  °ß¨Æ  (vastu-matra) ¡B °ß¦]
        (hetu-ma tra)¡B°ßªG(phala-matra)¡B°ßÄ­(skandha-matra)
        µ¥¡A³£¬O¬°¤F§_©w§@ªÌ¡B¨üªÌ¡B§Ú¡B§Ú©Òµ¥ªºªí²{¥Î»y¡C

            ¨Ã¥B¡A ©ó¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡A ¬Û¹ï©ó¥u¥Î©ó»¡©ú¡u¬Û¦ü¡v
        (pratirupaka) ©Ò½t¦Ó¨Ï¥Î
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 16) Cf.¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤§¡u¤T¼¯Ëå¦h¦a¡v(¤j30, 330c4f.)
                ¡u¦¹¡eºÃ¡f»\½Ö¬°«D­¹¡S¦³½t½t°_¤Î©ó¨ä¬Û¦p²z«ä
                ±©¦h©Ò­×²ß¥H¬°«D­¹¡C©ó¥Ñ©¼Æ[¨£¡A°ß¦³©óªk¤Î°ß
                ªk¦]......¡v

                                  29 ­¶

        ªº¡u°ß´¼¡v(jnana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v(darsana-matra)¡B¡u
        °ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v(pratismrta- matra)µ¥ªí²{¡A ¤j¦h¼Æ¡u°ß¡vªº
        ¥Î¨Ò¬O¥Î¨Ó§_©w§@ªÌ¡B¨üªÌ¡B§Ú¡B§Ú©Òµ¥ªºªí²{¥Î»y¡C

        ¥|¡B¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¤§·N¸q

            ¦p¤W©Ò­z¡A·½¦Û¦ò±Ð¦@³qªº±Ð²z¢w¢w½t°_©M¤­Ä­¡A¥Î¥H
        §_©w§@ªÌ¡B¨üªÌ¡B§Ú¡B§Ú©Òµ¥ªº¡u°ß¡v¤§¥Î»y¤¤¡A¡u°ß¨Æ¡v
        ( vastu-matra )¬O¤ñ¸û­È±o­«µøªº³N»y¡C ¦]¬°¨ä¾lªº¥Î»y
        ¡A¦p°ß¦æ (samskara-matra) ¡B°ßªk (dharma-matra) ¡B°ß
        ¦]  ( hetu-matra ) ¡B  °ßªG  (phala-matra)  ¡B  °ßÄ­
        (skandha-matra) ¦b³¡¬£¦ò±Ðªº¨åÄy¡A¦p¡m­ÑªÙ¡n (µù 17)
        ¤¤³£¥i¥H´M¨ì¦¹µ¥¥Î¨Ò¡F ¦Ó¡u°ß¨Æ¡v (vastu-matra) ¦ü¥G
        ¥u¯à©ó¡m·ì¦÷½×¡nµ¥·ì¦÷¦æ¬£½×®Ñ¤¤µo²{¡A©Î³\¥i¥H»¡¬Oªí
        ²{·ì¦÷¦æ¬£«ä·Q¯S¦âªº¥Î»y¤§¤@¡C

            ¦ý©Ò¿×¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¤§¡u¨Æ¡vªÌ¡A¨s³º¨ä¤º®e¬°¦ó¡S¦¹¤@µª
        ®×¡AÁö¦b¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤¤£¯àª½±µ§ä¥X¨Ó¡A¦ý¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¥H¥~
        ªº¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¸Ì¡A¦³¦p¤U¤@¬q»¡©ú¡J

              ¤@¤Á¨Æ¥H­n¨¥¤§¡AÁ`¦³¤­¨Æ¡J¤@ªÌ¡B¤ß¨Æ¡F¤GªÌ¡B¤ß
              ©Ò¦³¨Æ¡F¤TªÌ¡B¦â¨Æ¡F¥|ªÌ¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¨Æ¡F¤­ªÌ¡A
              µL¬°¨Æ¡C (¤j 30, 878c7-9)

            ¨Ì¦¹¡A¤@¤Á¡u¨Æ¡v³Q¤À¦¨²³©Ò©Pª¾ªº¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¦â¡B¤ß
        ¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL¬°µ¥¤­­ÓºØÃþ¡C¦¹¤­ºØÃþ¤§»¡¡A¦³¨Ç¾ÇªÌ±ÀÂ_
        ¬Oªü¹F¿i½×®v¥@¤Í ( Vasumitra ) ¦b¨ä©ÒµÛªº¡m«~Ãþ¨¬¡n
        ¡u¿ë¤­¨Æ«~¡v¤¤­º¥ý´£¥Xªº¡C(µù 18)
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 17) ¡u½Ñ¸g³¡®v¦³§@¬O»¡¡J¦p¦ó¦@»E´wµêªÅ¡C²´¦âµ¥½t
                ¥Í©ó²´ÃÑ¡A¦¹µ¥©ó¨£±E¬°¯à©Ò¡A°ßªk¦]ªG¡A¹êµL§@
                ¥Î¡A¬°¶¶¥@±¡¡A°²¿³¨¥»¡¡A²´¦W¯à¨£¡AÃѦW¯à¤F¡C
                ´¼ªÌ©ó¤¤¤£À³«ÊµÛ¡v"tatra sautrantikaahuh/kim
                idam akasam khadyate/caksur hi pratitya rupani
                cotpadyate caksur-vijnanam/tatra kah pasyati
                ko va drsyate/nirvyaparam hidam dharma-matram
                hetu-phala-matram   ca/tatra  vyavaharartham
                chandata  upcarah  kriyante  caksuh  pasyati
                vijnanam  vijanatiti / natrabhinivestavyam /
                (¤j29, 11b1ff.; Abhidh-k-bh(E)49, 12ff.)¡C¤S
                °Ñ¦Ò¡B¡¼¤s¶¯¤@(1983,14ff.)¡B±sªª§J¤v(1972,12)¡C

        (µù 18) ¤j26, 692b¡C¤S¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤s¥ÐÀs«°(1957, 15)¡BºÖ­ì
                «GÄY(1965, 153)¡B¥­¤t¹ü(1974, 223)¡B¤µ¦è¶¶¦N
                (1976a)¡B¦L¶¶(1978,149;154; 157)¡C¦ý¬OºÖ­ì«G
                ÄY(1965, 158¡ã64)»{¬°¡J ¡mªkÄ­¨¬¡n¸Ìªº¡u¤ß¬Û
                À³¡v©M¡u¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¡v¤§¤À§O¡A¤D¬O¦¨¥ß¤­¦ì»¡ªºÃö
                Áä©Ò¦b¡C¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¦L¶¶(1978,159¡ã60)«h¤Ï½×¡J»{
                ¬°¦¹¤@¤À§O¬O±q¡m«~Ãþ¨¬¡n¤¤³Q±Ä¤J²{¦sªº¡mªkÄ­
                ¨¬¡nªº(»\¥H¤£¥þ¬°¥j¥»¤§¬G)¡C

                                  30 ­¶

            Ãö©ó¡u¤­¨Æ¡vªº¦¨¥ß¹Lµ{¡A¨Ìªñ¥N¾ÇªÌ­Ì¬ã¨s¡A»{¬°¡J
        ­ì©l¦ò±Ð¤¤©Ò¥H½×¤Î¤­Ä­¡B¤»³BªÌ¡A¤D¬°¥O¤Fª¾µL±`¡B­W¡B
        µL§Ú¤§¬G¡F¤S¤Q¤K¬É¤§»¡¡A¤D±ý±q®Ú¡B¹Ò¡BÃѤTªÌªºÃö«Y¨Ó
        »¡©ú»{Ãѽפ§¥þÅé¡C¦ý¦bªü¹F¿i½×®v¤§¶¡¡A¦]µh·P¤@¤Á½Ñªk
        ¦b¤ÀÃþ¤W¡A­Y¥u¥H¤­Ä­¡B¤»³B¡B¤Q¤K¬É¬°¤ÀÃþ¡A¬O¦³½Ñ¦h¤£
        §¹³Æ¤§ÂI¡A²z·Qªº¤ÀÃþªk¹E¦¨¤@ºØ´Á±æ¡C°w¹ï©ó¦¹¡A²×©ó¦³
        ¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL¬°µ¥¤­ºØ¤ÀÃþªº·s»¡³Q´£¥X
        ¨Ó¡C(µù 19)

            ¬Û·í©ó¡m«~Ãþ¨¬¡n¡u¿ë¤­¨Æ«~¡vªº¸g¨å¡A¦³¡m²³¨Æ¤Àªü
        ¾è½×¡n(¾Ú¤ª¬O¡m«~Ãþ¨¬¡n¤§²§Ä¶¥»)ªº¡u¤­ªk«~¡v¡B¡mªü¾è
        ¤­ªk¦æ¸g¡n¤@¨÷(¦w¥@°ªÄ¶)¡B¡mÂıC¦h©v¤­¨Æ½×¡n(ªk¦¨Ä¶)
        ¡A¤S°ò©ó¦¹©Ò¿×¡u¤­¨Æ½×¡v¡A¬Û¶Ç´LªÌªk±Ï¥çµÛ§@¦³¡m¤­¨Æ
        ±C¨F¡n(µù 20) ¤§®Ñ¡C¦¹«á¡A¦¹¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ
        ¡BµL¬°µ¥¤­¨Æ (panca-vastuka) ©Î¤­ªk (panca-dharmaka)
        (µù 21) ¤§»¡¡A¦b½Ñªkªº¬ã¨s (abhidharma¡A¹ïªk) ¤W¡A¨ä
        Åv«Â©Ê¼s¬°»¡¤@¤Á¦³³¡½×®v­Ì©Ò©Ó»{¡A¸g¥Ñ¡m±C¨F¡n(¤j 27,
        987b21-2 )¡A¡m­ÑªÙ¡n¤¤¥ç©Óŧ¦¹»¡¦Ó²Õ´¤F¡u¤­¦ì¤C¤Q¤­
        ªk¡v(¤j 29, 18b16ff)¡C¤£¶È¦p¦¹¡A¬Æ¦Ü·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ªº¡u¤­¦ì
        ¦Êªk¡v¤§Åé¨t¤]¨ü¨ì·¥¤jªº¼vÅT¡C¦ý¡A·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤@¤è­±±µ¨ü
        ªü¹F¿i¦ò±Ð¡u¤­¨Æ¡vªº¶Ç²Î ¡A ¨Ã¥B¶i¦Ó´£¥X·sªº¡u¤­¨Æ¡v
        (©Î¤­ªk)¤§¤ÀÃþªk¡C(µù 22)
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 19) ¤­Ä­»¡¤¤¤£¥]§tµL¬°ªk¡A¦Ó¥B¨ü¡B·Q¤GÄ­²zÀ³¥]§t
                ©ó¦æÄ­¤§¤¤¡C¤Q¤G³B©M¤Q¤K¬ÉÁö¥]¬A¦³¬°¡BµL¬°ªk
                ªº¥þ³¡¡A¦ý¤ß©Òªk©M¤£¬ÛÀ³ªk¡BµL¬°ªkµ¥³Q²ÎÄá©ó
                ªk³B¡Bªk¬É¤@ªÌ¡F¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A¦âªk«h³Q²Ó¤À¦¨¤Q³B¡B
                ¤Q¬É¡A¦¹ºØ¤ÀÃþ¬O»á¤£½Õ©M¡CCf. ¤s¥ÐÀs«°(1957,
                16¡ã8)¡FºÖ­ì«GÄY(1958)¡F¥­¤t¹ü(1974, 224¡ã5) ¡C

        (µù 20) ¦p§Ç¨¥¡u´LªÌ¥@¤Í¬°¯q¦³±¡»s¤­¨Æ½×¡A§Ú¤µ·íÄÀ¡v
                (¤j28, 989b2)¤§©Ò­z¡CCf. ¤s¥ÐÀs«°(1957, 25)
                ¡F¦À¥Ð½m¤Ó­¦(1987, 343)¡C

        (µù 21) ¤­¨Æ(panca-vastuka)ªº±ë»y­ì»y¬O®Ú¾Ú Imanishi
                (1969)¦Ó¨Ó¡C¨ä¦U¶µ¥ØªºÄ¶»y¡A¦b¡m«~Ãþ¨¬¡nªº¡u
                ¥¯¤­¨Æ«~¡v(¤j26, 692b23¡ã4) ¡B¡m²³¨Æ¤Àªü¾è½×
                ¡n¡u¤­ªk«~¡v(¤j26,  627a9)¡B¡mÂıC¦h©v¤­¨Æ½×
                ¡n(¤j 28,995c7¡ã8)¸Ì¡A½Ķ¬°¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß
                ¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ ¡B  µL¬°  ¡F ¦ý ¡mªü¾è¤­ªk¦æ¸g¡n
                (¤j28, 998c9¡ã11)ªºÄ¶»y(¦w¥@°ªÄ¶) «h¬O¡u¦â¡B
                ·N¡B©Ò©À¡B§OÂ÷·N¦æ¡BµL¬°¡v¡C¤S­Y¨Ì¡m¤­¨Æ±C¨F
                ¡n¡A¡u°Ý¡J­Yº¸¦ó¬G»¡¦³¤­ªk¡Sµª¡J¨Æ¤§»Pªk¸q¥ç
                µL²§¡v(¤j28,989b26¡ã7)¤@¤å©Ò¥Ü¡A¥i»¡¡u¨Æ¡v©M
                ¡uªk¡vªº·N«ä¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C

        (µù 22) ¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¨÷72(¤j30, 696a1¡ã7)¡F¡mÅã´­¡n(¤j31,
                557b28ff.)¡F¡m¦¨°ß¡n(¤j31, 46c29ff.)µ¥¡A¿×¤ª
                ¡u¤­¨Æ¡v¡A¿×¨¥¡u¤­ªk¡v(pancadharmah)ªÌ¦³ LAS
                229.1;¡m·«¦÷¡n(¤j16, 511b;620;557)¡F¡m·ì¦÷½×
                ¡n¨÷74(¤j30, 704c23)¡F¡mÅã´­¡n(¤j31, 507a¡ãb)
                ¡F¡m¦ò©Ê¡n (¤j31, 794b27-c1) ¡C ¤S¡m¤TµLªk¡n
                (¤j31, 868a1¡ã6)¤¤¨¥¡u¤­Âáv¡A¨Ã¥B¨ä¶¶§Ç¤£©w
                 ¡CCf.µÕªh®Ì 1970¡F¦à¾ô©|¦¨ 1972,371¡F¸­ªü¤ë
                 1972; 1975, n.36.

                                  31 ­¶

            ¨Ì¾Ú¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n(¤j30,696a1-7; Td shi 287b2ff)¡A¤­
        ¨Æªº©w¸q¦p¤U¡J

              ¤ª¦ó¤­¨Æ¡S¤@¡B¬Û ( rgyu mtshan, nimitta )¡C ¤G
              ¡B¦W (mid, naman)¡C¤T¡B¤À§O (rnam par rtog pa,
              vikalpa )¡C ¥|¡B¯u¦p ( de bshin nid, tathata )
              ¡C ¤­¡B ¥¿´¼  (  yan  dag  pa  ¡¦  i  ses  pa,
              samyag-jnana )¡C ¦óµ¥¬° (1) ¬Û¡S¿×­Y²¤»¡©Ò¦³¨¥
              ½Í¦w¨¬³B¨Æ¡C ¦óµ¥¬° (2) ¦W¡S¿×§Y©ó¬Û©Ò¦³¼W»y¡C
              ¦óµ¥¬° (3) ¤À§O¡S¿×¤T¬É¦æ¤¤©Ò¦³¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡C ¦óµ¥
              ¬° (4)  ¯u¦p¡S¿×ªkµL§Ú©ÒÅã¸t´¼©Ò¦æ«D¤@¤Á¨¥»y¦w
              ¨¬³B¨Æ¡C ¦óµ¥¬° (5) ¥¿´¼¡S¿×²¤¦³¤GºØ¡C¤@¡B°ß¥X
              ¥@¶¡¥¿´¼¡C¤G¡B¥@¶¡¥X¥@¶¡¥¿´¼¡C

            ¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤¤¡A§ó¶i¤@¨B¥H¡u¬Û¦³¦ó¬Û¡Sµª¡J¤À§O©Ò¦æ
        ¬Û¡C¦W¦³¦ó¬Û¡Sµª¡J¨¥»¡©Ò¨Ì¬Û¡C¤À§O¦³¦ó¬Û¡Sµª¡J¬Û¬°©Ò
        ¦æ¬Û¡C¯u¦p¦³¦ó¬Û¡Sµª¡J¥¿´¼©Ò¦æ¬Û¡C¥¿´¼¦³¦ó¬Û¡Sµª¡J¯u
        ¦p¬°©Ò¦æ¬Û¡v (¤j 30, 697a8-12) »¡©ú¦¹¤­¨Æªº©w¸q (¬Û)
        ©MÃö«Y¡C¯÷¾ã²z¨ä­nÂI¡A­º¥ý¥iª¾¡J¡u¦W¡v(naman) ¬O¨¥»¡
        ¤§©Ò¨Ì¡C¨ä¦¸¡B¨ä¾lªº¥|ªÌ¥i¤À¦¨¤G²Õ¡J

            (¤@)¡u¬Û¡v( nimitta )¬O¡u¤À§O¡v( vikalpa) ¤§©Ò¦æ
         (»{Ãѹï¶H )¡A¦Ó¡u¤À§O¡v¬O¥H¡u¬Û¡v¬°©Ò¦æ¡C©Ò¥H¦b¤T¬É
         ( °g¦k¤§¥@¬É ) ¤§¤¤¡A ¡u¬Û¡v ( nimitta ) ©M¡u¤À§O¡v
         ( vikalpa ) ¬O¬°¡u»{Ãѹï¶H¡v©M¡u»{Ãѧ@¥Î¡vªºÃö«Y¡C

            (¤G)¹ïÀ³¦¹¤@Ãö«Y¡A ¡u¯u¦p¡v( tathata )¬O¡u¥¿´¼¡v
        ( samyag-jn ana ) ¤§©Ò¦æ ( »{Ãѹï¶H )¡A ¡u¥¿´¼¡v¬O¥H
        ¡u¯u¦p¡v¬°©Ò¦æ¡C©Ò¥H¦b¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤§¤¤¡A¡u¯u¦p¡v(tathata)
        ©M¡u¥¿´¼¡v ( samyag-jnana ) ¥ç¦¨¤@¹ïªº»{ÃÑÃö«Y¡C

            ¨ä¦¸¡A¦³Ãö·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¿W¦Û©Ò´£¥X¤§¤­¨Æ©Mªü¹F¿i¦ò±Ð¤§
        ¤­¨ÆªºÃö«Y¡A¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤¤¦³§@¦p¤Uªº½×­z¡J

            °Ý¡J¦p¬O¤­¨Æ´X¦â¡S´X¤ß¡S´X¤ß©Ò¦³¡S´X¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡S
                ´XµL¬°¡Sµª¡J (1) ¬Û³q¤­ºØ¡C (2) ¦W°ß¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³
                ¦æ¡C (3) ¤À§O ¡C (4) ¥¿´¼³q¤ß¤Î¤ß©Ò¦³ ¡C (5)
                ¯u¦p°ßµL¬°¡C(¤j 30, 697c5-8)

            ¦¹¥i¥H¾ã²z¦p¤U¡A§Y¡J

             (1)¬Û¡J¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL¬°¡C
             (2)¦W¡J¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡C
             (3)¤À§O¡C
             (4)¥¿´¼¡J¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡C
             (5)¯u¦p¡JµL¬°¡C

                                  32 ­¶

            ­Y¤ÀªRªü¹F¿i¦ò±Ð¤¤¤­¨Æªº¦¨¥ß¹Lµ{¡A¥iª¾¨ä¤ÀÃþªº¤è
        ªk¤j©è¬O¡J³Ìªì¬O¡u¦â¡v ( ª«½è ) ³Q´£°_¡A²Ä¤G¬O»P¦¹¬Û
        ¹ï¥ßªº¡u¤ß¡v³Q´£¥X ( ¦â¡B«D¦â¡B¤ß¡B«D¤ßªº¤À§O )¡A ²Ä
        ¤T¬O©M¤ß¬ÛÀ³ªº¡u¤ß©Òªk¡v³Q´£¥X¡A²Ä¥|¬O©M¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³ªº¡u
        ¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡v³Q´£¥Ü¥X¨Ó ( ¤ß¬ÛÀ³¡B ¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³ªº¤À§O )¡C
        ¥H¤W¤§¥|ºØÄݩ󦳬°ªk¡F»P¦¹µ¥¹ï¥ßªº¡A²Ä¤­«h¬OÁ|¥XµL¬°
        ªk ( ¦³¬°¡BµL¬°ªº¤À§O )¡C ¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤§¤ÀÃþ
        ªº¤èªk«h¬O¡J

            ­º¥ý¡AÂk¯Çªü¹F¿i¤¤¡A¥Ñ¦â¡B«D¦â¡B¤ß¡B«D¤ß¡B¤ß¬ÛÀ³
        ¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¡B¦³¬°¡BµL¬°µ¥¤À§O©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¤­¨Æ ( ¦â¡B ¤ß¡B
        ¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³©Ò¡BµL¬° )¡A ¦Ó¥H¬Û ( nimitta ) §@¬°©Ò
        ¦³ªº»{Ãѹï¶Hªº¤@­Ó·§©À¡C¦ý¦]¬°±´¨s¦WºÙ©M¨Æª«ªº¤£¤@­P
        ©Ê¡A(µù 23)¬G¯S§O´£¥X¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¤§¤@ªº¦W ( naman ) ¦Ó
        ¦C¬°²Ä¤G¡C¤S§â¤ß¡B¤ß©Òªk¨Ì¤Z¤Ò©M¸tªÌªº»{Ãѧ@¥Î¤§°Ï§O
        ¡A¦A¤ÀÃþ¬°(3)¤À§O (vikalpa)¡B(4)¥¿´¼(samyag-jnana)¡C
        ³Ì«á«h¬O±NµL¬°ªk¦W¤§¬°¯u¦p (tathata)¡C

            ¤S¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤¤¡A¥H¦¹¤@¿W¯Sªº¤­¨Æ§@¬°¹ê¦b»P§_ªº°ò
        ·Ç¡A °t¦X·ì¦÷¦æ¬£©Ò¯S¦³ªº¯u²zÆ[¢w¢w¡u¤T¦Û©Ê¡v(¹M­p©Ò
        °õ©Ê¡B¨Ì¥L°_©Ê¡B¶ê¦¨¹ê©Ê ) ¢w¢w§@¦p¤Uªº½×­z (¤j 30,
        704c23-5) ¡J

            °Ý¡J¤TºØ¦Û©Ê¡B¬Ûµ¥¤­ªk¡Cªì¦Û©Ê (¹M­p©Ò°õ©Ê) ¤­ªk
                ¤¤´X©ÒÄá¡Sµª¡J³£«D©ÒÄá¡C°Ý¡J²Ä¤G¦Û©Ê (¨Ì¥L°_
                ©Ê) ´X©ÒÄá¡Sµª¡J¥|©ÒÄá¡C°Ý¡J²Ä¤T¦Û©Ê (¶ê¦¨¹ê
                ©Ê)´X©ÒÄá¡Sµª¡J¤@©ÒÄá¡C(µù 24)
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 23) ¾î¤sÓT¤@(1979, 58¡ã67; 1975,114)´£¥Ü»¡¡J¡m·ì
                ¦÷½×¡n¤¤¡A¨Ì©ó§â½Ñªk¤À¬°¦W(naman)¡B¨Æ(vastu)
                ¡B¦Û©Ê(svabhava)¡B®t§O(visesa)µ¥¦ÓÆ[¹îªº¤èªk
                (¥|ºØ´M«ä)¡A¥i±Æ°£µê¦k¤À§O¡A¦Ó¥Í¥X¥|ºØªº¦p¹ê
                ´¼(¤j30, 490b2ff,; BoBh(W) 53.3)¡C¤S¡mÄá½×¡n
                ¤¤¡A¦b¨¥¤ÎÀ³Æ[¹î¦WºÙ©M¨Æª«³£¥u¤£¹L¬O¦Û¤v¤ß¤¤
                ªº²£ª«¦Ó¤w¤§¬q¸¨(¤j31, 142c21¡ã23; MAS p.168.
                18) ¡A¥ç´£¨ì¦³Ãö¦WºÙ©M¨Æª«©¼¦¹¬Û¤¬¬°«È¹Ð¤§´M
                «ä(¤j31, 653c8¡ã9)¡C


        (µù 24) ·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ªº½×®Ñ¸Ì¡A¦³Ãö¤TºØ¦Û©Ê©M¬Ûµ¥¤­¨ÆªºÃö
                «Y¡A¦³¦UºØ²§»¡¡C¨Ì¡m¦¨°ß¡n¨÷¤K(¤j31, 46c29¡ã
                47a20)¡A¦p¥H¤Uªº¹Ïªí©Ò¥Ü¡A¥i¥HÁ|¥X¥|ºØ¡C°Ñ¦Ò
                µÕªh®Ì1970¡F¦à¾ô©|«v1972¡F¸­ªü¤ë1975¡C

                 (1)¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n(2)¡m¤¤Ãä¡n(3)¡m·«¦÷¡n(4)¡mÄá½×
                      µ¥                                (¥@)¡n
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        ¨Ì¥L°_©Ê: ¬Û¡B¦W¡B     ¬Û¡B¤À§O   ¤À§O        ¦W
                  ¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        ¹M­p©Ò°õ©Ê:            ¦W         ¬Û¡B¦W      ¸q
                                                      (¬Û¡B¤À§O)
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        ¶ê¦¨¹ê©Ê: ¯u¦p         ¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦p ¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦p  ¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦p
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w

                                  33 ­¶

            §Y¬O¡J(1) ¨Ì¥L°_©Ê¥]§t¦b¬Û¡B¦W¡B ¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡A(2)
        ¶ê¦¨¹ê©Ê¥]§t¦b¯u¦p¡A¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¹M­p©Ò°õ©Ê«h¤£¥]§t¦b¤­
        ¨Æªº¥ô¦ó¤@ªÌ¡C©Ò¥H¡A®Ú¾Ú¦¹¤­¨Æ¬°°ò·Ç¡A¹M­p©Ò°õ©Ê³Q»{
        ¬°¬O¤£¹ê¦bªº¡C(µù 25)

            ¬°¤F²z¸Ñ¬°¦ó¥H¤­¨Æ¬°¹ê¦bªº°ò·Ç¡A©Î³\±´¨s¦³Ãö¡u¨Æ
        ¡v( vastu ) ªº»y¸q¬O¤@­Ó­«­nªºÃöÁä¡C Ãö©ó¦¹ÂI¡A ¦õ¦õ
        ¤ì²{¶¶(1958, 113-8)´¿¦p¤U¦a½×­z 1 vastu Vedic skt.;
        §pªû»y) ¡B 2  vatthu  ( Pali;  ¤Ú§Q»y ) ¡B  3  vastu
        (Buddhist skt.;  ¦ò±Ð±ë»y)µ¥¦³Ãö¡u¨Æ¡vªº¤TºØ»y¨¥§ÎºA
        ªºÃö«Y¡C§Y¡J 1 vastu ( Vedic skt. ) ªº­ì·N¬O³õ©Ò¡B®a
        ( dwelling place )¡C2 vatthu ( Pali ) °£¤F«O«ù¦¹¤@­ì
        ·N¡A¶i¦Óªþ¥[¤W a real thing, object,  reason, basis,
        subject  -  matter   µ¥¤­­Ó­õ¾Ç©Êªº·N²[¡C 3 vastu
        (Buddhist  skt.) «h§ó³Q·í§@ ¡uµ´¹ïªº¹ê¦b¡v (e.g. LAS
        147,6 vidyate  tathata-vastu  arya nam gocaro yatha;
        º~Ķ¡m·«¦÷¸g¡n¤¤¡A ¦¹¤@ vastu ³QĶ¬°¡u¨Æ¡v¡B¡u¥»¦³¡v
        ¡B¡u§®ª«¡v)ªº·N«ä¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C­Y­É¥Î¦¹¤@»y¸q¸Ñ»¡ªº½×ÂI¦Ó
        ±´¨s¦¹¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¤§¡u¨Æ¡vªº¸Ü ¡A §Ú­Ì¥²¶·¯S§Oª`·N¡u¨Æ¡v
        ( vastu )ªº a real thing (¹êª«)¤§·N²[¡C

            Á`¦X¤W­z´X­Ó¬q¸¨¥H¨Ó©Ò¦Ò¹îªºµ²ªG¡A¥iÂkµ²¦p¤U¡J

            1 »¡¤@¤Á¦³³¡ªü¹F¿i½×®v¨Ì©ó¤­Ä­¡B¤»³B¡B¤Q¤K¬É¤§±Ð
              »¡¦Ó¶}³Ð¦â¡B ¤ß¡B ¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL¬°µ¥¤­¨Æ
              (ªk)¤§»¡¡C

            2 ·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤@¤è­±±µ¨ü¦¹¡u¦â¡vµ¥¤­¨Æ(ªk)¤§»¡¡A§ó¶i
              ¦Óµo®i¥X¡u¬Û¡vµ¥¤­¨Æ(ªk)¤§»¡¡A¦Ó¥B±N«áªÌ»P¡u¤T
              ¦Û©Ê»¡¡v¬Ûµ²¦X¡C(µù 26)

            3 ¤­Ä­¡B¤»³B¡B¤Q¤K¬Éµ¥¤T¬ì¡A¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬Û
              À³¦æ¡BµL¬°µ¥¤­¨Æ(ªk)¡A¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦p
              µ¥¤­¨Æ(ªk)¡A¥H¤W¤TºØ¤ÀÃþ¤¤ªº¥ô¤@Ãþ¡A¬Ò©M¡u¹ê¦b
              ¡vªº°ò·Ç¬ÛÃö³s¡C

            4 ¦]¦¹¡A¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤ªº¨Æ (vastu)¡A¤D¬O·N«ü¥]§tªk
              (dharma)¡B¦Û©Ê
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
                ¦³Ãö«e¤@¹Ïªíªº¥X³B¬O¡J(1)¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n (¤j30,
                704c)¡F¡mÅã´­¡n (¤j31, 508c7-9; 557b27-29)¡F
                ¡m¤TµL©Ê½×¡n (¤j31, 868a7-9)¡F¡m¦ò©Ê½×¡n (¤j
                31, 794b27-c1)¡C(2)¡m¤¤Ãä¡n¨÷¤G¯u¹ê«~13¡C(3)
                ¡m·«¦÷¡n¨÷¤C¡C(4)¡mÄá½×(¥@)¡n¨÷¤­¡C

        (µù 25) Cf., e.g.¡mÅã´­¡n(¤j31, 557b28ff.)¡u¹M­p©Ò°õ
                ¦Û¬Û¬OµL¡A¦ó¥H¬G¡S¤­¨Æ©Ò¤£Äá¬G¡A°£¤­¨Æ¥~§óµL
                ©Ò¦³¡C¦óµ¥¬°¤­¡S¤@¡B¬Û¡C¤G¡B¦W¡C¤T¡B¤À§O¡C¥|
                ¡B¯u¦p¡C¤­¡B¥¿´¼¡v¡C¤S¡m¤TµL©Ê¡n(¤j31, 868a1)
                ¡u­Yªk¬O¦³¡A¤£¥X¤­Âáv¡C

        (µù 26) ºÖ­ì«GÄY(1972, 3)»{¬°¡J ¤£¥i¯ó²v±ÀÂ_¬Û¡B¦W¡B
                ¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ¤ñ¤T©Ê»¡¸û«e¦¨¥ß¤§»¡ªk
                ¡C¦à¾ô©|«v(1972)¨Ã¥B»{¬°¡J¡m¸Ñ²`±K¡n¤¤¡AÁö¦³
                ¤T©Ê»¡¡A¦ý¥¼¨¥¤Î¤­¨Æ(»¡)¡A¶È¨£¨ì¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À§O
                µ¥»y¡A¬G±q¨ä©|¤£§¹¥þ¡A¦Ó¥B±q¤­¨Æªº¶¶§Ç»P¤­¨Æ
                ©M¤T©ÊªºÃö«Y¥ç¥¼½T©wµ¥¨Æ¹ê¬Ý¨Ó¡A¤­¨Æªº¦¨¥ß¤D
                ¬O¦b¤T©Ê»¡¦¨¥ß¥H«á¡C

                                  34 ­¶

              (svabhava) µ¥¹ê¦b©ÊªÌ¡C

            5 ¡qÁn»D¦a¡r ¤¤¦³Ãö°ß¨Æ ( vastu-matra ) ¤§ªí²{ªº
              ¡u¨Æ¡v¡A»P¨ä»¡¬O¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤§¤­
               ¨Æ¡A ¤Å¹çµø¬°¥H¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL¬°
               µ¥¤­¨Æ¬°¤º®e¬O¤ñ¸û«ê·í¡C

            6 ¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¡qµÐÂĦa¡r¤¤¦³Ãö°ß¨Æ¤§ªí²{ªº¡u¨Æ¡v¡A
              ¥D­n¬O¥H¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ¬°¨ä¤º®e¡C

            »\©ó¡qµÐÂĦa¡r¡u¯u¹ê¸q«~¡v¤¤¦³½×¤Î¡JµÐÂĨ̩óªø®É
        ±q¨ÆªºªkµL§Ú´¼( dharma-nairatmya-jnana )¡A¦p¹êª¾¤@¤Á
        ªkªºÂ÷¨¥¦Û©Ê¡A¹ï¤@¤Áªk¤]¤£§@¥ô¦ó¤À§O¡C¦p­Y¤£µM¡A«h¤£
        ¯à§â´¤°ß¡u¨Æ¡v ( vastu-ma  tra ) ¡B °ß¡u¯u¦p¡v (
        tathata-matra )¡C(µù  27) ¦]¬°¦b¬Û·í©ó¡u¯u¹ê¸q«~¡v¸Ñ
        »¡³¡¤Àªº¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¡uÄá¨M¾Ü¤À¡v(¤j  30, 695c26  706c14)
        ªº¶}ÀY¡A¦³¤ª¡u­Y±ýÃѪ¾¯u¹ê¤§·N¨ý¡A©y²¤ª¾¤­¨Æ¡v¡A¨ä«á
        «h±q¦³µL¡B°²¹ê¡B¥@«U³Ó¸qµ¥ºØºØªº¨¤«×¡A¸Ô½×¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À
        §O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ ( ¤j 30, 695c26-703a22 )¡A ³Ì«á
        «h½×»¡¨ì¤T¦Û©Ê(¤j 30, 703a23-706c14 )¡C ©Ò¥H¡A¡qµÐÂÄ
        ¦a¡r¤¤¦³Ãö°ß¨Æ¤§ªí²{ªº¡u¨Æ¡v¡A¥i»¡¬O¥D­n¥H¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À
        §O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ¬°¨ä¤º®e¡C

        ¤­¡Bµ²½×

            ¥Ñ¤W­zªº°Q½×¡A§Ú­Ìª¾¹D¡J­Y¥H¥Nªíªì´Á·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤§½×
        ®Ñ¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n¤¤¤§²Ä¤Q¤T¦a¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¬°¥D¡A¥i±N¨ä¡u°ß¡v
        ¤§¥Î¨Ò¤§ªí²{·N¸q¤ÀªR¬°¤U¦C¤TÂI¡J

            (1)»¡©ú¬Û¦ü(pratirupaka)©Ò½t(ÁI©w¹ï¶H)
               ªº¥Î»y¡A ¦p¡u°ß´¼¡v(jnana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v
               (darsana-matra)¡B¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡v(pratismrta-matra)
               µ¥½Ñªí²{¡A ¥¦­Ì¬O¥Î¨Ó»¡©úÁI©w¤¤¹ï¶H(©Ò½t)¬O·N
               ÃѤ§§@¥Î¹ï¶H¡A ¦³§O©ó¤­ÃѤ§ÂÇ¥~·P©x©Ò»{ÃѪº¥~
               ¬É¹ï¶H¡C³o±q«n¤è¤W®y³¡¨t²Îªº¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¡BVism
               µ¥¤¤©Ò­z(1)¹M§@ (·Ç³Æ) ¬Û (parikamma-nimitta)
               (2) ¨ú¬Û (uggaha-nimitta)¡B(3)©¼¤À¬Û(¡×¦ü¬Û¡A
               patibhaga-nimitta) µ¥­×¦æÁI©wªº¤T­Ó¨BÆJªº¤ñ¸û
               ¬ã¨s¤¤¤]¥i±o¨ìÃÒ©ú¡C ±q¦¹
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
        (µù 27) BoBh(w)41. 15-18(¤j30, 487b18-20; Td wi
                23a7-b1); "sa khalu bodhisattvas tena
                duranupravistena dharma- nairatmya-jnanena
                nirabhilapya-svabhavatam sarva-dharmanam
                yathabhutam veditva na kam cid dharmam kathamcit
                 kalpayati nanya-tra vastu-matram gshnati
                tathata-matram" ¡u¤S½Ñ¬ÛµÐÂĥѯà²`¤JªkµL§Ú´¼
                ¡A©ó¤@¤ÁªkÂ÷¨¥¦Û©Ê¦p¹êª¾¤v¡A¹FµL¤Öªk¤Î¤Ö«~Ãþ
                ¥i°_¤À§O¡A°ß¨ú¨ä¨Æ¡A°ß¨ú¯u¦p¡v¡C¤S°Ñ¦ÒWillis
                (1979, 91; 155.) ¡C

        ÃöÁäµü¡J1.¡m·ì¦÷½×¡n 2.°ßÃÑ  3.°ß¨Æ  4.©Ò½t  5.¤­¨Æ¡C

                                  35 ­¶

               Æ[ÂI¡A¡u°ß´¼¡v¡B¡u°ß¨£¡v¡B ¡u°ß¥¿¾Ð©À¡vµ¥½Ñ¥Î
               »y½T¹ê©M¡m¸Ñ²`±K¡n¡B ¡mÄá½×¡nµ¥©Ò»¡ªº©ó¤T¼¯¦a
               ¤¤¼v¹³¤§°ßÃÑ«ä·Q»á¬°¬Ûªñ¡A ©ÎªÌ¥i»¡¬O¡u°ßÃÑ¡v
               «ä·Qªº¥ýÅX³N»y¡A ¦ý¬O¦b¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤ÁÙ¨S¦³©úÅã
               ´£¥X§_©w¥~¹Òªº¡u°ßÃѵL¹Ò¡vªº¥Î»y¡C

            (2)¤j¦h¼Æ¡u°ß¡vªº¥Î¨Ò¬O¥Î¨Ó§_©w§@ªÌ¡B ¨üªÌ¡B§Ú¡B
               §Ú©Òµ¥ªº¡C¦p¡J¡u°ß¦æ¡v(samskara-matra)¡B¡u°ß
               ªk¡v(dharma-matra)¡B¡u°ß¨Æ¡v (vastu-matra)¡B
               ¡u°ß¦]¡v(hetu-matra)¡B¡u°ßªG¡v(phala-matra)¡B
               ¡u°ßÄ­¡v(skandha-matra) µ¥¡C ¨Ã¥B³o¨Ç¥Î»y¬O¨Ì
               ©ó¦@³q©ó©Ò¦³¦ò±Ð³¡¬£¤§½t°_»P¤­Ä­ªº«ä·Q¦Ó¨Ó¡A
               ¤£¬O·ì¦÷¦æ¬£©Ò¯S¦³ªº«ä·Q¡C

            (3)²Ä¤GÂI¥Î¥H§_©w§@ªÌ¡B ¨üªÌ¡B§Ú¡B§Ú©Òµ¥ªº¡u°ß¡v
               ¤§¥Î¨Ò¤¤¡A¡u°ß¨Æ¡v (vastu-matra) ¬O¤ñ¸û­È±o­«
               µøªº³N»y¡C ¦]¬°¥¦¦ü¥G¥u¯à©ó¡m·ì¦÷½×¡nµ¥·ì¦÷¦æ
               ¬£½×®Ñ¤¤µo²{¡A ©Î³\¥i¥H»¡¬Oªí²{·ì¦÷¦æ¬£«ä·Q¯S
               ¦âªº¥Î»y¤§¤@¡C ©Ò¿×¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¤§¡u¨Æ¡vªºÆ[©À¬O»¡
               ¤@¤Á¦³³¡ªü¹F¿i½×®v­Ì¬°°Q½×¡uªk¡v ( dharma )¡B
               ¡u¦Û©Ê¡v ( svabhava ) µ¥¹ê¦b©Ê¦Ó³Ð»¡ªº¡A ¨ä¤º
               ®e¬O²W·½©ó­ì©l¦ò±Ðªº¤­Ä­¡B¤»³B¡B¤Q¤K¬É¡C ¦ý¬O
               ·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¤@¤è­±±µ¨ü¦¹¦âµ¥¤­¨Æ ( ªk ) ¤§»¡¡A §ó
               ¶i¦Óµo®i¥X¬Û¡B¦W¡B¤À§O¡B¥¿´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ (ªk)
               ¤§»¡¡A¦Ó¥B»P¡u¤T¦Û©Ê»¡¡v¬Ûµ²¦X¡C ¡qÁn»D¦a¡r¤¤
              ¡u°ß¨Æ¡vªº¡u¨Æ¡v¥H¦â¡B¤ß¡B¤ß©Ò¡B¤ß¤£¬ÛÀ³¦æ¡BµL
               ¬°µ¥¤­¨Æ¬°¤º®e¬O¤ñ¸û«ê·í¡C ¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¡qµÐÂĦa
               ¡r¤¤¡u°ß¨Æ¡v¤§¡u¨Æ¡v¥D­n¬O¥H¬Û¡B ¦W¡B¤À§O¡B¥¿
               ´¼¡B¯u¦pµ¥¤­¨Æ¬°¨ä¤º®e¡C

                                  36 ­¶

        ¡e°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡f

        (¤@)­ì¨å(Original works)¤Î¨ä²ºÙ¡J

        Abhidh-k-bh(E)= Abhidharmakosabhasya of Vasubandhu
                        Chapter 1 Dhatunirdesa ed. Yasunori
                        Ejima, Tokyo The Sankibo press 1989
                        (BIB 1).

        Abhidh-k-bh(P)= Abhidharmakosabhasya of Vasubandhu
                        ed. P. Pradhan, rev. 2nd ed. Aruna
                        Haldar, Patna 1975(TSWS 8).

        Abhidh-s(V)=¡yÇ|ÇÏǼÇïÇÚÇÀǻDZÇïǨÇË («n¤è¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç±Ð
                     ¸q·§»¡ )¡zJapanese trans. by U. Vepulla
                     & ¤á¥Ð©¾¡A1980.

        BoBh(W)= Bodhisattvabhumi (±ë¤åµÐÂĦa¸g) ed. U.
                 Wogihara ¤s³ß©Ð 1971.

        MAV= Madhyantavibhaga (Maitreya): see MAV-bh.

        MAV-bh= Madhyantavibhaga-bhasya (Vasubandhu), ed.
                Gajin Nagao,Tokya 1964.

        MSA= Mahayanasutralankara.(Maitreya) ed. S. Levi,
             Paris 1907.

        MSg(N)= G. Nagao¡Aªø§À¶®¤H¡mÄá¤j­¼½×¢w©MĶÇOª`¸Ñ¡Ð¤W
                ¡n(Á¿½ÍªÀ¡A1982)¡mÄá¤j­¼½×¢w©MĶÇOª`¸Ñ¢w¤U¡n
                (Á¿½ÍªÀ¡A1987)

        SBh= Sravakabhumi of Acarya Asanga ed. Karunesha
             Shukla, TSWS. Vol. ¢Â¢¼ Patna 1973.

        Tp= rNal'byou spyod pa'i sa las Nan thos kyi sa ¥_¨Ê
            ª©¦èÂäjÂøg No.5537 Vo1.110 ¤j¨¦¤j¾Ç1957.

        Td= rNal'byor spyod pa'i sa las Nan thos kyi sa ÇÃÇç
            Ç®ª©Ç½ÇÕÇ¿ÇŤjÂøg No.4036 °ßÃѳ¡6 ªF¨Ê¤j¾Ç1980.

        Vim(E)= The Path of Freedom(Vimuttimagga). tr. by.
                N. R. M. Ehara, Soma Thera & Kheminda Thera,
                Colombo 1967

        Vism= Buddhaghosa, Visuddhimagga= ed. H. C. Warren &
              Dh. Kosambi, repr. Delhi 1989, (HOS. 1sr ed.1950).

        ¡mÄá½×¥@¿ËÄÀ¡n(H)¡×¡mÄá¤j­¼½×ÄÀ¡n¤Q¨÷(¥@¿ËÄÀ¡A¥È®NĶ)
                           ¤j¥¿Âà No. 1597 Vol. 31

        ¡mÅã´­¡n¡×¡mÅã´­¸t±Ð½×¡n¤G¤Q¨÷(µLµÛ³y¡A¥È®NĶ)¤j¥¿ÂÃ
                   No. 1602 Vol. 31

        ¡m¦ò©Ê½×¡n¡×¡m¦ò©Ê½×¡n¥|¨÷ (¯u¿ÍÄÀ) ¤j¥¿Âà No. 1610
                     Vol. 31

        ¡m¤TµL©Ê½×¡n¡×¡m¤TµL©Ê½×¡n¤G¨÷ (¯u¿ÍÄÀ) ¤j¥¿Âà No.
                       1617 Vol.31

        ¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D¡n¡×¡m¸Ñ²æ¹D½×¡n¤Q¤G¨÷ (¹¬¦÷±CùĶ) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ
                     No. 1648 Vol. 32

        (¤G)²{¥N½×µÛ(Modern Works Cited)¡J

                                  37 ­¶

        Fukuhara, Ryogon(ºÖ­ì«GÄY)

        ¢w¢w¡D1958.¡u½Ñªk¤ÀÃþÇU¥vªº®i¶}¡v¡yÀs¨¦¤j¾Ç½×¶°¡z359.

        ¢w¢w¡D1965.¡y¦³³¡ªü¬s¹F¿i½×®ÑÇUµo¹F¡z(¥Ã¥Ð¤å©÷°ó¡A¨Ê³£)

        ¢w¢w¡D1972.¡u¤T©Ê¤TµL©ÊÇU·½¬y¡v¡y¦L¦ò¬ã¡z20:2.

        Funahashi, Naoya(¦à¾ô©|«v)

        ¢w¢w¡D1972.¡u¤­ªkÇO¤T©ÊÇRÇKÆêÇM¡v¡y¦L¦ò¬ã¡z21:1.

        Hirakawa, Akira(¥­¤t¹ü)

        ¢w¢w¡D1974.¡yÇ~ÇïÇŦò±Ð¥v¡z¤W(¬K¬îªÀ¡AªF¨Ê)

        Ikeda, Rentaro(¦À¥Ð½m¤Ó­¦)

        ¢w¢w¡D1987.¡u¡q¤­¨Æ½×¡rÇU¦¨¥ßÇO¬y¥¬¡v(°ª±TÁÙ¾ä¡yÇ~Çï
                   ÇžǦò±Ð¾Ç½×¶°¡z¬K¬îªÀ¡A345¡ã57)

        Imamishi, Junkichi(¤µ¦è¶¶¦N)

        ¢w¢w¡D1976a.¡u«~Ãþ¨¬½×ÇU¦¨¥ß¸Õ½×(¤G)¡v¡y¤TÂö°¡z120.

        Ito, Shuken(¥ìÃèq¾Ë)

        ¢w¢w¡D1972.¡u¥»½èÇU­ì»yÇRÇKÆêÇM¡v¡y¦L¦ò¬ã¡z21:1,
                   134¡ã135.

        Kajiyama, Yuichi(¡¼¤s¶¯¤@)

        ¢w¢w¡D1983.¡y¦ò±ÐÇRÆðÆ÷Çr¦s¦bÇOª¾ÃÑ¡z (¬ö¥ì°ê«Î®Ñ©±
                   ¡AªF¨Ê)

        Mimaki, Katsumi(±sªª§J¤v)

        ¢w¢w¡D1972.¡uªì´Á°ßÃѽѽ׮ÑÇR©óÆ÷Çr Sautrantika»¡¡v
                   ¡yªF¤è¾Ç¡z43, 1-16.

        Mizuno, Kogen(¤ô³¥¥°¤¸)

        ¢w¢w¡D1978.¡yÇÍ-Çæ ¦ò±ÐÇy¤¤¤ßÇOÆýÇM¦ò±ÐÇU¤ßÃÑ½× (ÇÏ
                   ǻǧ¡AªF¨Ê)

        Nozawa, Josho(³¥¿AÀRÃÒ)

        ¢w¢w¡D1957.¡y¤j­¼¦ò±Ð·ì¦÷¦æÇU¬ã¨s¡zªkÂÃÀ]¡A¨Ê³£

        Odani, Nobuchiyo(¤p¨¦«H¤d¥N)

        ¢w¢w¡D1980.¡u¡y¤j­¼²øÄY¸g½×¡z²Ä19³¹(¥\¼w«~)²Ä50ÔUÇR
                   ÇKÆêÇM¡v¡y¦L¦ò¬ã¡z29:1, 61-65.

        Sato, Mitsuo(¦õÃñK¶¯)

        ¢w¢w¡D1973.¡uÇÍ-Çæ ¦ò±ÐÇU¤J©wªì­×²ßªk¢w¢w²M²b¹D½×ÇoÇq¡v

        ¡yÃíì¥jµ}°O©À¡J¥v¾Ç¦ò±Ð¾Ç½×¶°¡z935¡ã49.

        Suganuma, Akira(µÕªh®Ì)

        ¢w¢w¡D1970.¡u¤­ªk»¡ÇU¬ã¨s¡J ¯SÇR·ì¦÷®v¦a½×¡DÅã´­¸t±Ð
                   ½×¡D¤¤Ãä¤À§O½×µ¥Çy¤¤¤ßÇR ¡v(A study on the
                   Panca-dharma Theory: *with Special Referenct
                   to YBh, Hsien-yang and MAv) ¡yªF¬v¤j¾Ç¬ö­n¡J
                   ¤å¾Ç³¡½s¡z24

                                  38 ­¶

        Ueda, Yoshifumi(¤W¥Ð¸q¤å)

        ¢w¢w¡D1958.¡y¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¥v¬ã¨s¡z¥Ã¥Ð¤å©÷°ó¡A ¨Ê³£¡A lst
                    ed. 1951.

        Yamada, Ryujo(¤s¥ÐÀs«°)

        ¢w¢w¡D1957.¡uÇ|ÇÏǼÇçÇÚ¤­¦ìÇU³Ð°Û¡v¡y¤å¤Æ¡z21:5, 15¡ã30.

        Yin, Shun(¦L¶¶)

        ¢w¢w¡D1978.¡y»¡¤@¤Á¦³¬°¥Dªº½×®Ñ»P½×®v¤§¬ã¨s¡z(¥¿»D¥X
                   ª©ªÀ¡A¥x¥_)

        Yo, A-getsu(¸­ªü¤ë)

        ¢w¢w¡D1972.¡u¤T©ÊÇO¤­¨ÆÇOÇU¬Û¤¬Ãö«Y¡v¡y¦L¦ò¬ã¡z21:1

        ¢w¢w¡D1975.¡y°ßÃÑ«ä·QÇU¬ã¨s¤@®Ú¥»¯u¹êÇOÆýÇMÇU¤T©Ê»¡
                    Çy¤¤¤ßÇRÆýÇM¡z¢w¢w°ê®Ñ¥Z¦æ·|

        Yokoyama, Koitsu(¾î¤sÓT¤@)

        ¢w¢w¡D1971.¡u¤­«ä·QÇoÇqÇfÇFÀ±°ÇÇUµÛ§@¤@¯SÇR¡y·ì¦÷½×¡z
                    ÇUµÛªÌÇRÇKÆêÇM-¡v¡y©v±Ð¬ã¨s¡z208. 27¡ã52.

        ¢w¢w¡D1975.¡u°ßÃÑ«ä·QÇRÆðÆ÷Çr»{Ãѧ@¥ÎÇU¤@¦Ò¹î¢w¢w¯SÇR
                    Åã²{ÇU¦æ¬ÛÇOÇy¤¤¤ßÇRÆýÇM¡v¡yªF¤è¾Ç¡z46,
                    103¡ã119.

        ¢w¢w¡D1979.¡y°ßÃÑÇU­õ¾Ç¡zDZ-ÇåÂO®Ñ¡A23¡A¥­¼Ö¦x®Ñ©±¡C