bj011101

DGvwwv]poiQ|DDt
@GtY
G 18
XBG11
X~G1998D7X
XGso

@

1

v
wwv]poiQ|DDt

tY
sH

@

n

@@x|LcALA]cCOHc~[AW[F

BBBeeCYqGWAb|tmjPODvm

gnC

@

G1.jv@2.bu@3.x@4.

@

ef

mknAT@UAtYC1993~CksFXC

mAtYC1997~?O_GFXC

ms]s^nAtYC1991~CO_GFXC

mknAtYC1988~CO_GFXC

mvMDnAtYC1992~CO_GFXC

mynAtYC1993~CO_GFXC

mKLVnAtYC1993~CO_GFXC

mBBnAtYC1998~CO_GkXC

@

2

@@QQ|AoDDtAPD`aA]oF\A]Q|Q

DDA~AbMaeAZtoHODBHbyiA

OqMHAjaADOC

vNASsAoPAG1968~mnuZQ@AoL@gq

NrAG`AYOuvvASxvvA@F@

CF1988~A]^jA~|K_BBenBAXF

Yzyjx|Aa{FjNvcG]pC~1989~AAoFyx_

smks@jsYaAKow}ovu{AFjsAK1991~AXFH

vvsfujjvNvAFjAh]FvO

@HM~CvNvTPMPCF_

[BCxBxBsB~sBGcBsRxBxsnIxBxBx

hjxBjPBxBYxB{usB]BnsBnD

RxCOMaPAD`IAjOwv3~]782~^nI

xAsOvv]psC

@@ASiJjAXFnsA|tosB|AF

cjxAwEsBnsB_sAsBJsA{HsxBFsB

xBC{jxBxsMxAsjxAWRwBBsjxCox|A]A

~tUvAjWsvAOMNASOOMN~hCxt

bgLETAaAH|iYd~evC

@@OsjA]OogA`}\hjx|vANO

BBBNx|AG1992~eCbdA]XLqF

E{UvjsB`sApxvsAuvsA}vxAv

sA{vsQbAsUxAbguvF@xB@xAHsv

vIhsA|F`|Cj`}FjxBxBkxAsOs

vFjcyA{NVgcyAb@d~vGDF@C

@

3

@@bGQh~AXG@b}BBTw~aAg`UjtA

]XFqwjLJ]Abw\hDaA[FjA

bLD|A|dNvvGBx|BBDBBBB

pBDZ]IAcBqBBKBwP\C

@@UA@UHv@bCx|ALcAJL

A]cAOHc~[AW[FBBBeeC

LAHDAHVqAvHAQtFx

|HjAPpApUFaAFYAUAHjYsAxF

Cx|]mjF~nFAWTCTOPjA|WT

AAYcWxAcTOC|WAc|WA@x[hT

|WOTA@GWAh@FC@HTO|WT}cAKW

sFC]HjTAp|TAqJAW_{QELt

C

@@x|bjDA`|UAO]|AC|b`|SU@Ap|B|B[

|Ba|BY|B|Bg|CbxsqxA_QNAYumQG|v

OCbjx|AN|WWAP]fApkBIBBNBB

BpNdCLx|jpAdBjd]p^BwBZtmC

@@NDvmgn]mgnU105As^LvW

GAOHbuAeO~AVOBeBCA

TBTBCbkeAVTBgxByB@fF

uAVkAHkDQ@y|AfpBCbuA]

BDB|A@buFbbuA@TeQCjAQKAtH

`FbjASpbuADOGBFBAU~wBpCx

|vGANHUx|WjAasAoHbu

hO|CBDvMOLA{AoOcxc

vC

@@cvADnOjAW]C

@

4

HvAYzCtA]HcyApsjA

1056~FHjyAhxsqxLAHosU~x^CI|

A]OLLWjAvD`SAIwjjApxAHjz

A]OLAoWA|xsqxHCyCFol~A

jNvAOHWBBDn[cAqAAtHjABBC

@@jvAh]Ox^BYByBAbYSsBas

BwsByBQreChBAhGBhAp]B

]BHssjxAsCvA@~OA

pn_sxAO@yjx|AUtvA~AHOC

@@cvAbWIWAJCYOAKBuBFHm

BJceGAHIOAHOKuC|PeAeC

x|AYYIxAALOA]LeAsO]FAiJAN

BBWBBApxsnIxKOpCbjAjvAe

hAF]NeAuCsLx_MnAdMHTeA{L

xZFsjPWYxA|gAFMHTeFbxsxY]

nXTNHeALjWsjbAo{eCOvAbt~e

AhBBiCojOHIvDyAIOVMom]

C

@@vsApYjjxAq`vAAAF

jAsxOA`}kxj]Oy~AjhbOjAwXyj

GjOxjBxpBxNBYxoVBxB

njzRtxTAHC{bOxppBxsMxAOjyC^

QbApL|NeQtUAB^AibL

DBBkBInBA|yBCbaAuO

LbApxssN|AOK_CLj

@

5

AOKCBEBDQ]pjzT^AKO]pTs

^BC_]psO^Fi|BBKPCBiknA

pjAiknC[AgaAwLjA

yUWAQgkApE{ysxUAEkx

UacAnjzTAQoXF\hjNkCADOUx|NvA

pLxvLA_]xA]|sCPPAhbhO

LAjGBTC

@@x|vAqGWAb|tmAjPODvmgn

CLXAWjASj`QCBeQ{Av}

e{BBDtmA]mgnFiHmgnzAN

zQDvtmANOFOUvAx|AjYsAH

QBBC

@@bjvAOH^jt@kHDAO|@

tApNnIxANYxBsjxAH`}FjxC`

@_~AOU|IBkBNBvCY|jk|Ahe

jUAHC@yx|eAF]a~A_hesjx|Ax

|hOEjaAWTB|jASLAmAHK@C

@@x|ajpAPvtmKAY]nCYsjaAKi}A

HiJFsPAjAToCOx|]spsF|sx|Ap

xEsxsF]TsApvAH_@WBWUCvN

wnjOxA@Ql|@dKEQCtA]OjAHUdAb

ge{HCO]s]aaTANoBAHvBBB|@

AHP@zx[AMaLAeAHRB`BKBwwPA

pxsxAODALHD``CAbjx|A]yYz

p|Abj@hUAiUO@AUSApb{FsLjvA

NOjx|@paF_Cx@

@

6

Wpt|ADp|X|Fn_ssdA]O@W@|X|C

@@vGAO@yTX|A[WeekA|X|A]He

@Cjx|hei|X|ATiT|X|Ac@buF]j

AGHWbuc@yjx|ACsLxANOuwYATWAX|X

|buCO]sYaAFbuC~Akt|vA@wnb

uALwnMDbuUvAIAOtavAhp_xtmAKOo

C

@@UAQxWvCAjjvAHN}B

VAAjb`}AioLHAjjvAh

bOMAxWjxpxn}xxAOujMCHsN{

NvsAOuMAmC

@@xWBaqABazBHIAjaCAYj

AjifApx_]ssxA\hOj?xWvAbBB

AymgFO]LAqLjd~Ay

xWAn@qAn]TMuWA]o_{OyPP

GCjsACPAAwOVGQ@@ayNAYNV

NAbIWAX@UjzAMA}s

CooOeXA]|C

@@vAg`bAhYBBjBB@[Be@B~A

APUAwPCbxWAy`_BBBBBoA]

`NTBqBB]FuqBqBqu{BUBzB`xs

}oFqBuBL]IAoqC

1998~4WEETQx_]z

@

7

The Buddhist Architecture in China

Ven. Sheng-yen

Founder, Chung-Hwa Institute of the Buddhist Studies

Summary

@@The architecture of Chinese Buddhist temple originated from the model of palace.@But, it is different from either the
India's aarama or the Chinese palace.@It adopts the outlook of Chinese palace and the contents of Buddhist stuupas,
patriarch stuupas, Buddhist images, mural paintings, etc.

@@From the layout of space, the whole complex follows the model of vinaaya Master Tao-hsuan's The suutra of the Map
of Ordination Maandala.@It is at least the style of san-ho-yuan, i.e. a courtyard with rooms on three sides.@Added with
the front gate and the walls on its both sides, the san-ho-yuan becomes Shih-ho-yuan, i.e. a courtyard with rooms on four
sides, forming an axle line.@Some larger monasteries are formed by over two axle lines.@For example, Sungshan Shaolin
Monastery is made up of several axle lines of Shih-ho-yuan on the slope starting from the front gate.@But, in some cases, due
to the limitation of the topography of slope, only the central axle line is in orderly array, the halls and other buildings on both
sides don't necessarily from an axle main line.@However, they should match with the various buildings of the axle main line;
they are not isolated buildings.@For example, the Chieh-t'ang-shih Monastery in Beijing is arrayed in this way.

@@In general, the large-scaled Buddhist monastery has headquarter and several branches.@The headquarter complex has
several independent halls of special styles, such as Maitreya Hall, Manjusri Hall, Avalokitesvara Hall, Ksitigarbha Hall,
Avatamsakara Hall, Ordination Altar Hall, Suutra-translation Hall, etc.@The Hsien-t'ung-shih Monastery of Wu-t'ai-shan,
according to the record, had12 halls during the reign of Emperor Hsiao-wen-ti of Northern Wei Dynasty.@The

@

8

medium-sized monastery has different function rooms such as dharma hall, meditation hall, guest hall, dining hall, lecture hall,
Buddha-name-repeating hall, Maitreya Hall, etc. No matter how large the size is, every monastery has dormitory, kitchen,
store room, lavatory, etc.

@@The ancient Buddhist architectures in China tends to change in the footsteps of time.@The styles of T'ang and Sung
Dynasties are still extant in Nara and Kyoto of Japan.@The older Buddhist architectures in China are mostly the styles of
Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties.@The old monasteries in Taiwan such as the Kai-yuan-shih Monastery and Chu-hsi-shih
Monastery in Tainan adopt the mainland style of Ch'ing Dynastery.

@

Key word: 1.ancient architecture@2.the center axis@3.Buddhist temple

4.Buddhist stupa

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