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gshan gyi dba.n shes-bya-ba ni ga.n-shig g~nis mer-pa 'ses-pa la ra.n-gi-.no-bo rnam-par-gnas-pa na ma-rig-pa.hii dba.n-gis gis na g~nis su sna.n-ba ste/de ni ma-rig-pa.hi gshan gyi dba.n yin-pa.hi phyir na/ gshan gyi dba.n shes brjed ro//
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Dinnaaga's Thought of Three Natures:
The Understanding in his Praj~naapaaramitaa-pi.n.daarthasa.mgraha

Chen Chungyuan
Lecturer, Dept. of Religious Studies,
Fu Jen Catholic University

Summary

¡@¡@Dinnaaga was usually regarded as the promoter of the so-called three natures¢wparikalpitalak.sa.na, paratantralak.sa.na and parini.spannala-k.sa.na.  However, according to praj~naapaaramitaapi.n.daarsa.mgraha, Dinnaaga used the theory of three natures to deal with the ten kinds of discriminative and wandering mind.  Therefore, he was not the promoter of three natures.  It is not important whether there is paratantralak.sa.na or not.  The important thing is to be free from havingness or nothingness in order to realize the middle way.  From the arising of delusive consciousness, one understanding that everything is empty and without self-nature.  When one experiences that everything is nothing but the function of consciousness, one will realize that there is the law of cause and effect, i.e. karma and retribution.  If one can experience the reality as the Buddha did, it is only a skillful means when one speaks of nothingness or havingness.

¡@¡@This is the profound meaning of Vij~naana maatra theory to return to praj~naa. Dinnaaga mentioned three natures when he spoke of the function of the self manifestation of consciousness.  But he mentioned only one consciousness when he spoke of the delusiveness of the three natures of consciousness.  Therefore, it is meaningless to argue the standpoint of Dinnaaga; it is better to emphasize that he advocated theory of self realization by experience or emptiness.

Key words: 1. paratantralaksana  2. the simile of phantom
                    3. the three natures of treatment
                    4. the mental eject and the consciousness 
                    5. the thory of self realization by experience

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