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¡§Using a Stalk of Reed as a Boat to Sail across the Yangzi River¡¨
and ¡§Eating Only Vegetable that Cooked with Meat¡¨:
A Historical Survey on Two Well-known Stories of Chan Buddhism

Tso, Szebong
Associate Researcher,
Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies

Summary

¡@¡@There are Two well-known stories of Chan Buddhism.  The first one is recorded in Ven. Ke-Qin¡¦s (§J¶Ô, 1063¡ã1135) Bi-yan Ji (¡mºÑÅɶ°¡n), or the Blue Cliff Record), says that the Indian monk Bodhidharma (+536), the cannonized First Patriarch of Chan Buddhism in China, after visited the Southern Dynasty of China, he went to the Northern Dynasty by Using a reed stalk as his ferry to sail across the Yangzi River.  Ke-Qin himself remarks that it is only a legend.

¡@¡@ After his survey, the author found that the above-mentioned legend is arose after the Tartar Jin (ª÷) in the Yellow River Valley sent troops to across the Yangzi to invade the Southern Song Dynasty in 1129, and even occupied her capital Lin-an (Á{¦w).  After the Jin troops returned home in the early of next year, people of the Yongzi Valley began to complain the military defence along the Yangzi was too weak.

¡@¡@At the same time, the intelligences of this Valley also recalled that in San-guo Zhi (¡m¤T°ê§Ó¡n, or The History of the Three Kingdoms) records a high ranking central official Shao Xu (ªòÄò, 227¡ã275) presented a memorial to King Sun Hao (®]µq, R. 264¡ã280), the last monarch of the Wu (§d) Kingdom, warning that: ¡§In case we did not enstrenghten our defence along the coast of the Yangzi now, probably our enemy would easily sailing across the river by aboarding on a stalk of reed to come to attack.¡¨  With the metaphor given by Shao Xu, then people created the above mentioned legend concerning Bodhidharma as a way of rediculing the weak defending power of their government.

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¡@¡@The second one, however, is only recorded in the Yuan (¤¸) monk Ven.  Zongbao¡¦s (©vÄ_n.d.) Liu-zu Tan-Jing (¡m¤»¯ª¾Â¸g¡n, or The Altar Suutra of the Sixth Patriarch), says that before he enfrocked, Hui-neng (¼z¯à638¡ã713), the Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism in China, had once serving as an attendant to a team of professional hunters.  Eventhough working in such a team, Hui-neng still keeping vegetarianism.  When preparing meal for the hunters, he casted vegetables into the meat cooking pot, and then he ate only vegetables.

¡@¡@According to the author's intensive survey, he discovers that Hui-nung is a native of Liao (æy), a savage tribe of Southern China, and this people is famous in night hunting. Therefore, he believes that Hui-neng being accepted by the team due to his hunting skill.  In another word, Huineng was in fact one of the hunting members in his laity.  In this situation, Huineng could not be escaped from killing animals.  Perhaps he would not be a vegetarian also.

¡@¡@Besides, from the authors another work that concerning the history of Buddhist pilgrimage from China to India (this book will published very soon), he discovers that in case a Chinese pilgrim, lay or cleric, who went to India by land, he should have to accompany the group of traveling merchants to go.  For the merchants were so acquaintance with the routes, and also they could share their foods to the pilgrims en-route.

¡@¡@In accordance with the Vinaya, a `Sraama.na is allow to eat the three kinds of clean flesh, i.e. he has not seen or heard the animal killed, or has no doubt about it, therefore, a cleric pilgrim can accepts food supply in meat.

¡@¡@After the Tang Dynasty was establish, however, all the Chinese pilgrims became vegetarians.  Then, what will they do to coup with their catering problems?  The author has an assumption that in cooking time, these pilgrims would casted some dry-vegetables they brought with, or some wild vegetables they collected from the wilderland, into the merchants'  meat cooking pot.  And them, they ate only vegetables.

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¡@¡@If the above-mentioned assumption would have been occured, the author venture to say that Zongbao had already adopted the above-assumed story into his work and turned it into Huineng's story, as a way of glossing over the hunting career of the Sixth Patriarch in his laity.

Key words: 1. ¡§the Yangzi River could be sailing across by even aboarding on a stalk of reed¡¨  2. Master Huineng¡¦s career as a hunter before enfrocked  3. vegetarianism and the eating of the three kinds of clean flesh  4. cleric pilgrims and the secular traveling merchants