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¡@¡@Á`¬A¤@¥y¡A½t©ó¹¬¦÷ªº¥~¾Çª¾ÃÑÂX¤j¤F¦ò±Ðªº«ä·Q¡A¤]¨Ï¦ò±Ð§ó¯à¾AÀ³ªF¨È¦a°Ïªº¤å¤ÆI´º¡A¦]¦¹¤j¼¦òªk¦b³o¼s¤j°Ï°ì¬y¦æ¨´¤µ¦Ó¥¼°I¡C
¶128
Tso Sze-bong
Associate Researcher,
Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
¡@¡@After Mahayana Buddhism was penetrated into East Asia, the author believes
that there are two major factors that relate to the long-lasting popularity of this
religion in the above-mentioned area.
¡@¡@The first
factor is: after she penetrated into China, the Chinese Buddhists cleries and laymen
onganized translation centres in different periods and places in order to render the
Buddhist secred seriptures that written in Sanskrit or Central Asian languages into
Chinese.
¡@¡@As the
translation in the above-mentioned centres was engaging in team-work under the supervision
of a Chief-Translator, not only was the work finely divided, but the standred of
efficiency was also very high. The existance
of these centres had long been lasting, from 2nd Century to 10th
Century A. D, for nearly nine hundred years.
¡@¡@During the
long period mentioned above, the people in the neighbouring East Asian nations, Japan,
Korea and Vietnam, were adopted Chinese characters as their written language, therefore,
the Buddhists of these nations were also learning or studying the Chinese translated
secred seriptures when Mahayana Buddhism was spread into these lands through China.
¡@¡@The second major factor, however, is the acheievement of the Chinese Wramanas¡¦ secular learnings. During the same period mentioned above, in case one who received no Confucian education before devoted into monkhood or to lead a nun¡¦s career, he or she should have to learn Confucian classics and other Chines thoughts that taught by their own cleric master after ordained. Therefore, each
¡@
¶129
¡@
Chinese Wramana was a cleric of letters.
¡@¡@The
Monstic Order did so as a way of helping the clerics to make mingle with the learned
Chinese gentries in order to introduce Baddhism to them.
Influenced by the Chinese Clerics, the Other East Asian Wramanas were also involoed themselves in secular learnings.
¡@¡@The
knowledge of secular learnings is a good assistant to the translation works. For instance, the knowledge of Chinese etymology
is very useful for chosing a most suitable Chinese character to render a centain Sanskrit
term, while the lore of Chinese classics, however, is helpful for arranging the structure
of the translated sentences so close to that of the Chinese classics in order to meet the
reading taste of the Chinese gentries. As a
way of courting the gentries to gain ascess to the Chinese translated versions.
¡@¡@As all the
East Asian clerics¡¦ minds fulled with secular learnings, in case a
cleric who engaged in annotating a centain Buddhist scriptune or composing a Buddhist
essay in order to promulgate Buddhism to the public, automatically his secular lores
infiltrated into his work. Therefore, the
original Buddhist thoughts would have been more or less strayed or even distorted.
¡@¡@Eeventhrough
the original thought has already been strayed, but on the other hand, some new Buddhist
theories therefore arose and these East Asian developed theories sometimes even outwit the
original Indian doctrines. Gradually the
so-called ¡§Sinolized Buddhism¡¨ then established.
Since Mahayana Buddhism being Sinolization, she becomes more and more
popular in the East Asian nations till now.
Key
words: 1. translation
centre¡@2. secular learnings¡@3. the secular learnings supported the translation work¡@4.
the original Buddhist doctrines being strayed and distorted¡@5. the establishment of
Sinolized Buddhism
µù¸Ñ
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