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­¶128

 

 

The Organization of Buddhist Translation Centres and the
Achievement of Sramanas
¡¦ Secular Learnings

¢w¢wTwo Major Factors that Relate to the Long-lasting Popularity of
Mahayana Buddhism after She Penetrated into East Asia

Tso Sze-bong

Associate Researcher,

Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies

Summary

¡@¡@After Mahayana Buddhism was penetrated into East Asia, the author believes that there are two major factors that relate to the long-lasting popularity of this religion in the above-mentioned area.

¡@¡@The first factor is: after she penetrated into China, the Chinese Buddhists cleries and laymen onganized translation centres in different periods and places in order to render the Buddhist secred seriptures that written in Sanskrit or Central Asian languages into Chinese.

¡@¡@As the translation in the above-mentioned centres was engaging in team-work under the supervision of a Chief-Translator, not only was the work finely divided, but the standred of efficiency was also very high.  The existance of these centres had long been lasting, from 2nd Century to 10th Century A. D, for nearly nine hundred years.

¡@¡@During the long period mentioned above, the people in the neighbouring East Asian nations, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, were adopted Chinese characters as their written language, therefore, the Buddhists of these nations were also learning or studying the Chinese translated secred seriptures when Mahayana Buddhism was spread into these lands through China.

¡@¡@The second major factor, however, is the acheievement of the Chinese Wramanas¡¦ secular learnings.  During the same period mentioned above, in case one who received no Confucian education before devoted into monkhood or to lead a nun¡¦s career, he or she should have to learn Confucian classics and other Chines thoughts that taught by their own cleric master after ordained.  Therefore, each

¡@

­¶129

¡@

Chinese Wramana was a cleric of letters.

¡@¡@The Monstic Order did so as a way of helping the clerics to make mingle with the learned Chinese gentries in order to introduce Baddhism to them.  Influenced by the Chinese Clerics, the Other East Asian Wramanas were also involoed themselves in secular learnings.

¡@¡@The knowledge of secular learnings is a good assistant to the translation works.  For instance, the knowledge of Chinese etymology is very useful for chosing a most suitable Chinese character to render a centain Sanskrit term, while the lore of Chinese classics, however, is helpful for arranging the structure of the translated sentences so close to that of the Chinese classics in order to meet the reading taste of the Chinese gentries.  As a way of courting the gentries to gain ascess to the Chinese translated versions.

¡@¡@As all the East Asian clerics¡¦ minds fulled with secular learnings, in case a cleric who engaged in annotating a centain Buddhist scriptune or composing a Buddhist essay in order to promulgate Buddhism to the public, automatically his secular lores infiltrated into his work.  Therefore, the original Buddhist thoughts would have been more or less strayed or even distorted.

¡@¡@Eeventhrough the original thought has already been strayed, but on the other hand, some new Buddhist theories therefore arose and these East Asian developed theories sometimes even outwit the original Indian doctrines.  Gradually the so-called ¡§Sinolized Buddhism¡¨ then established.  Since Mahayana Buddhism being Sinolization, she becomes more and more popular in the East Asian nations till now.

 

Key words: 1. translation centre¡@2. secular learnings¡@3. the secular learnings supported the translation work¡@4. the original Buddhist doctrines being strayed and distorted¡@5. the establishment of Sinolized Buddhism

 



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