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¥»¤å¥H·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¶}®i»P°ÝÃD¬°½×ÂI¡A±q E.
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©Ê½×¡n¦Uª©¥»ªº¾ã½s¶}©l¡A±´°Q·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǪº°_·½¤Î¨ä¤Þ
µoªº°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã´N¤é¥»¡B¼Ú¬w¡B¬ü°êµ¥¦a°Ï¤À§O»¡©ú¨ä¹ïªñ¥N
¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº¼vÅT¡C
º¥ý¡A´N¤é¥»¾ÇªÌ¤ë½ü½å¶©¡B¤p¤t¤@¼¹ï Obermiller
½sĶÂä奻¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº§å§P¡A»P¦t¤«§B¹Ø¡B¤¤§ø·ç¶©µ¥¾Ç
ªÌ¹ï Johnston ®Õ½s±ë¤å¥»¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº°jÅT¡A¨Ã²z°ª±T
ª½¹D¤§¶°·í®É¦p¨ÓÂþǤ§¤j¦¨¡A§@¬°¤é¥»¦ò¾Ç¬É¹ïªñ¥N¦p¨Ó
ÂþǪº½×ÃD¡C¨ä¦¸¡A´N¼Ú¬w¾ÇªÌ E. Frauwallner ªº²Ä¤T¾Ç
¬£»¡¡AD. Seyfort Ruegg ªºÂöǦp¨ÓÂìã¨s¡A¤Î S. K.
Hookham ¹ïªñ¥N¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¬ã¨sªºµû½×¡A¥HÁA¸Ñ·í¥N¼Ú¬w¾Ç
¬É¹ï¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n«áÄò¬ã¨sªº±¡§Î¡C±µµÛ¡A«h¬°¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþÇ
¬ã¨sªñªpªº±´°Q¡A¥»¬q¤À§O±qªñ¥N¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s·§z¡B
ªñ¥N¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¼vÅT¡B¯d¬ü¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ¦³Ãö¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s
ªº^¤å¸ê®Æµ¥¡A»¡©ú¨ä¼vÅT»P¦³Ãö°ÝÃDªºµo®i¡C
³Ì«á¡A¥Hªñ¦~¨Óªº·s½×ÃD¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¡]Critical Bud
-dhism¡^°Q½×ªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº¶É¦V»P°ÝÃD¡A¤å¤¤°£¾é¸Ñ
¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº°_·½»P°ÝÃDÂI¤§¥~¡A¨Ã´N¨ä¡u¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q«D
¦ò±Ð¡vªº½×ÂI¡A»P¦p¨ÓÂþǾǪ̹惡¬ÝªkªºµªÅG°µ¤@»¡©ú¡C
¤å¥½¡A«h¥H²»¡¤¤°êªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s»P®i±æ§@¬°µ²»y
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«e¨¥
¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¡A¦b·í¥N¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¥i»¡¬O°_¨B¸û±ßªº
¡C±q 1826 ¦~ Eug@ne Burnouf ¥¿¦¡¶Ç¤¶¦ò¾Ç¨ì®õ¦è¶}©l¡A
¡]ª`¢°¡^§Y¦³ 1881 ¦~¤Ú§Q¤å¸t¨å¨ó·| (Pali Text
Society) ªº¦¨¥ß¡A¨Ã¶}©l¤Ú§Qì¨åªºÂ½Ä¶»P¬ã¨s¡B1897 ¦~
Louis Poussin ¶}©l¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬ã¨s¡B(ª`¢±¡^1898 ¦~ Sylvain
L$vi ´MÀò·ì¦÷¨åÄyµ¥¡A¡]ª`¢²¡^¥i»¡¦b 1900 ¦~¤§«e¡A¼Ú
¬w¦ò¾Ç¾ÇªÌ¹ï¦ò±Ð±Ð¸q¤w¦³¬Û·íªº¬ã¨s¡C¡]ª`¢³¡^¤]¦]¬°¦ò
¾Ç¦b¦è¤è¦³¦p¦¹½´«kªºµo®i¡A©l¤Þµo¤é¥»¤Hªºª`·N¡A¬£»º«n
±ø¤å¶¯µ¥¤H¨ì¼Ú¬w¾Ç²ß¦ò¾Ç¡A¶i¦Ó«P¦¨ªF¦è¤è¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¶i¤J
·sªº¬ö¤¸¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦Ü¦¹¦p¨ÓÂþǩ|¤£¬°·í®É¦ò¾ÇªÌ©Òª`·N!
____________________________________________________
1 E. Burnouf et Chr. Lassen, Essai sur le Pali ou
langue sacrŠe de la presqu'iile au del& du Gange,
Paris, 1826.
¾Ç¬É³q±`¥H¦¹½g±´°Q¤Ú§Q¤å¬ã¨sªº¤å³¹§@¬°·í¥N¦è¤è¦ò¾Ç
¬ã¨sªºÀÝÂÒ¡A°£¤F¤Ú§Q¤å¥~¡ABurnouf ¤]P¤O©ó±ë¤åªº¬ã
¨s¡A¨ÃĶ¦³¡m§®ªk½¬µØ¸g¡n¡B¡m¤p«~¯ëY¡nµ¥¤j¼¸g¨å¡C
¦¹¥~¡A¥L¤S½sµÛ¡m¦L«×¦ò±Ð¥v·§»¡¡n Introduction
l'‚tude du Buddhisme indien, Paris, 1844¡C¥iª¾·í®É
ªº¾ÇªÌ°£¤Ú§Q¤åÄm¥~¡A©ó¤j¼¦ò¾Ç¤]¦³¯AÂy¡B¨Ã¹ï¦L«×¦ò
±Ð¥v¤§¤À¨t»P¶Ç©Ó¤]À³¦³©ÒÁA¸Ñ¡C
2 Louis Poussin, "Caturaaryasatyaparik.saa",
M$langes Charles de Hartez, 1897, p. 313-320.
±q 1987 ¦~°_¥L¥Xª©¤F´X½g¤ëºÙ (Candrakiirti) ©Ò³y¡m
²b©ú¥y½×¡n (Prasannpadaa) ¤ÎÂäå¡m¤J¤¤½×¡n
(Mahdyamakaavataara) ªº®Õq¥»»Pµù¸Ñ¡A½T¥ß¥L¬ã¨s¤¤
Æ[¾Çªº¦a¦ì¡C
3 Sylvain L‚vi, Mahaayaanasuutraalamkaara, Expos‚ de
la doctrine du Grand Vehicule selon le systeme
Yogaacaa ra, Paris, (Tome I) 1907, (Tome II) 1911.
1898 ¦~¥L¦b¥§ªyº¸´MÀòµLµÛ (Asavga) ªº¡m¤j¼²øÄY¸g
½×¡n (Mahaayaanasuutraala^mkaara), ¨Ã©ó 1911 ¦~±N
¤§Â½Ä¶¥Xª©¡A¦¹À³¬°³Ì¦¥X®Ñªº·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¨åÄy¡Cºò±µµÛ©ó
1922 ¦~¥L¤S¦b¥§ªyº¸µo²{¥@¿Ë (Vasubandhu) ªº¡m°ßÃÑ
¤G¤Q½×¡n (Vi^m'satikaa) ¤Î¡m°ßÃѤT¤Q¹|¡n (Tri^m'si
-ka)¡A§ó´£¤É¤F¾ÇªÌ¹ï·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ªºÁA¸Ñ»P¬ã¨s¿³½ì¡C
4 Ãö©ó¦è¤è¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªÌªº¸ê®Æ½Ð°Ñ¾\ J. W. de Jong, "A
Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and
America", Eastern Buddhist, vol. 7 No. 1-2, 1974.
©Î¦¬¶°¦¨¥Uªº A Brief History of Buddhist Studies
in Europe and America, Delhi: Sri Satguru
Publications, 1987.
¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡GÀNÃü±âĶ¡A¡m¼Ú¬ü¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¤p¥v¡n¡A»´ä¡G¦ò
±Ðªk¦í¾Ç·|¡A1983¡C¥t¥~¥ç¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡G¾Gª÷¼w¡A¡m¼Ú¬üªº¦ò
±Ð¡n¡A»O¥_¡G¤ÑµØ¡A1984¡CWilliam Peiris, The
Western Contribution to Buddhism , Delhi : Motilal
Banarsidass, 1973. ¡]¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡G±ö°i¤åĶ¡A¡q¦è¬v¦ò
±Ð¾ÇªÌ¶Ç¡r¡A¡m¥@¬É¦ò¾Ç¦WµÛĶÂO 84 ¡n¡A»O¥_¡GµØ¦t¡A
1977 ¡C¡^
¶ 245
¤@¡B·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǰ_·½»P¤Þµoªº°ÝÃD
ª½¨ì 1931 ¦~ E. Obermiller ¨ÌÂäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n
(Uttaratantra) ©Ò½sµÛªº^¤åĶ¥» The Sublime Science
of the Great Vehicle to Salvation--Being a Manual of
Buddhist Monism, the Work of AArya Maitreya with a
Commentary by AAryaasanga ¤@®Ñ°Ý¥@¡A¡]ª`¢´¡^¤Î H. W.
Bailey »P E. H. Johnsoton µo²{±ë¤å´Ý¨÷¡A¡]ª`¢µ¡^¨Ã±N
¤§¾ã²z¥Xª©¡A©l¶}±Ò·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s¤§ªù¡C¤µ¥H¤Uz¤TÂI
°Q½×·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǪº°_·½¡G
(¤@) E. Obermiller^ĶÂäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n
±q Obermiller ^Ķ¥»ªº¤¾ªø®Ñ¦W¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡A¥L
¬O¨Ì¶Ç©Ó¦ò±Ð·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ (Buddhist Monism) ¡]ª`¢¶¡^ªºÂÃ
¤å¥»¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n (Uttaratantra) §@Ķµù¡A¥»®Ñ¨ÌµÐ´£»P¨
Âà²M²b¡B¦p¨Ó¥\¼w¡B¦ò·~¤Î«H¥\¼wµ¥¤è±¸Ñ»¡¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¡C
¡]ª`¢·¡^±q¨ä¤å³¹¥iª¾¡A¥L¨Ã¨S¦³¯S§O´£¥X¡u¦p¨ÓÂþǡvªº
»¡ªk¡A¦Ó¬O«ö·ÓÂöǦò±Ðªº¤è¦¡¤¶²Ð¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¡A¡]ª`¢¸¡^
¨Ã±N¤§ÂkÃþ©óÀ±°Ç (Maitre ya) »PµLµÛ (Asavga) ·ì¦÷¦æ
¬£ªº
____________________________________________________
5 E. Obermiller, "The Sublime Science of the Great
Vehicle to Salvation -- Being a Manual of Buddhist
Monism, the Work of AArya Maitreya with a
Commentary by AAryaasanga", Acta Orientalia, IX,
1931, p.81-306.
6 H. W. Bailey & E. H. Johnston, "A Fragment of the
Uttaratantra, in Sanskrit", Bulletin S.O.S. vol.
VIII, part 1, 1935, p. 77-89.
7 ¦´Áªº^¤å¤å³¹±`¥H Monism ©Î Idealism §@¬°¦ò±Ð·ì¦÷
¦æ¬£ªºÄ¶¦W¡A¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü«ê·íªºÄ¶ªk¡A¦]¬°¦¹ºØĶ¦W¸û·|¾É
¦V¤@¤¸½×ªº»¡ªk¡C
8 ¦]¥»®Ñ¥i»¡¬Oªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǤ§©l¯ª¡A¬G±N¨ä¥Ø¦¸Ä¶¿ý©ó¤U
¡A¥H«KŪªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¡C¥þ®Ñ¤À¬°:
Introduction ¡]²¤¶¡^
I. The Contents of the Work¡]¥»¤å¥Ø¿ý¡^
II. Enlightenment and the Absolute free from
Defilement ¡]µÐ´£»P¨Âà²M²b¡^
III.The Properties of the Buddha ¡]¦p¨Ó¥\¼w¡^
IV. The Acts of the Buddha ¡]¦ò·~¡^
V. The Merits of Founding one's Belief in the
Doctrine of the essence of Buddhahood
±N¤§¤ñ¹ï±ë¤å¥»¡Bº~Ķ¥»¡A¬Æ©ÎÂÃĶ¥»¡AŪªÌ§Y¥i¬Ý¥X¨ä
½Ķ¤§Â²²¤¡C
9 ¦L«×¦ò±Ð»PÂöǦò±Ð³£»{¬°¤j¼¥u¦³¤¤Æ[¡B·ì¦÷¨â¤j¶Ç©Ó
¦Ó¤w¡C
¶ 246
¶Ç©Ó¡C¡]ª`¢°¢¯¡^¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦¹®Ñ¬° Obermiller ¨Ì¨ä¦bÂöÇ
¦x°|©Ò¾ÇÂäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nĶ¥» ('Saastra) ¤ÎµLµÛªºµù²¨
(Vyaakhyaa) ¬°¥D¡A¨Ã°Ñ·Ó Rgyal tshab Darma rin chen
(1364-1423) ªºµùÄÀ¡A¡]ª`¢°¢°¡^±N¤§¥H^¤å½sĶ¥Xª©¡A¨Ã
«DÄYÂÔªº¤@¦r¤@¦r¹ïŪ»P½Ķ¡C
(¤G) H. W. Bailey »P E. H. Johnston µo²{¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n
±ë¤åÂ_¤ù
1935 ¦~ H. W. Bailey »P E. H. Johnston ¦b¤¤¨È²Ó
¨Èµo²{¤F¤Þ¥Î³¡¥÷¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº±ë¤åÂ_¤ù¡A¡]ª`¢°¢±¡^¥Ñ©ó
¦³±ë¤å´Ý¨÷¥i»PÂä奻¤ñ¹ï¡A¦]¦Ó¤Þµo¤F¾ÇªÌ¹ï¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n
ªº¬ã¨s¿³½ì¡C
(¤T) E. H. Johnston ®Õqªº¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n±ë¤å¼g¥»
¡@¡@ ³Ì«nªº¬O 1935 ¦~ Raahula Saa.mkrrtyaayana ©óÂÃ
¶Ç¦x°|µo²{¤F¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº±ë¤å¼g¥»¡C¡]ª`¢°¢²¡^¦¹¼g¥»¥Ñ
Johnston ©ó 1940 ¦~®Õq§¹¦¨¡A¦ý¦]¾Ôª§¤Î¨ä¥L½t¬G¡Aª½
¨ì 1950 ¦~ Johnston ©¹¥Í«á¡A¤~¥H The
Ratnagotravibhaaga Mahaayaanottaratantra'saastra ¤@
¦W¥Xª©¡C¡]ª`¢°¢³¡^¦¹®Ñªº¤º®e¨Ì¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nì¤å¤À¬°¦p
____________________________________________________
10 ÂöǦò±Ð»{¬°¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº½×¥»ÔU¡m¤j¼³Ì¤W¯µ¸q½×¡n
Theg pa chen po rgyud bla mahi bstan bcos
(Mahaayaanottaratantra'saastra ) ¬°À±°Ç
(Maitreya) ©Ò³y¡A¦Ó¡m¤j¼³Ì¤W¯µ¸q½×²¨¡n Theg pa
chen po rgyud bla mahi bstan bcos rnam par bwad
pa (Mahaayaanottaratantra'saastra vyaakhyaa )¬°
µLµÛ (Asavga) ³y¡A¦¹»Pº~Ķ¥»ªº»¡ªk¤£¦P¡C
11 Theg pa che po rgyud bla ma.hi.tiikaa ¡m¤j¼³Ì¤W
¯µ¸q½×ÄÀ¡n¡A¦¹¬° Darma rin chin (¹Fº¿¤¯´Ü )¹ï¡m
Ä_©Ê½×¡nªºµùÄÀ¡A¦]¬°¥L¹ï¦p¨ÓÂëä·QªºªÅ©Ê¸àÄÀ¦³¸û
§¹¾ãªº°Q½×¡A©Ò¥H¦¹®Ñ¥i»¡¬Oªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǪ̪º«n°Ñ
¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C
12 ¦Pµù 6¡C¦b¦¹¤§«e¦è¤è¾ÇªÌ¥u¯à¥HÂäåĶ¥»©Î^¤åĶ¥»
²z¸Ñ¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¡C
13 Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Society XXI, p.
31; XXIII p.34, 1936. ¦¹¼g¥»¤£¦P©óµù 6 ±ë¤åÂ_¤ù
¤£»ô¥þªº¸ê®Æ¡A±q¦¹¦³¤F¸û§¹¾ãªº±ë¤å¥»¡C
14 E. H. Johnston & T. Chowdhury, The
Ratnagotravibhaaga Mahaayaanottaratantra'saastra
, Patna: the Bihar Research Society, 1950.
¨ä§U¤â Dr. T. Chowdhury Ä~©Ó Johnston ªº§Ó·~¡A¤Q
¦~«á±N¥»®Ñ¥[¤W¯Á¤Þ¡B«·s®Õ¹ï¡B½s¿è¥Xª©¡A¨Ã¥B¼g¤F
¤@½g«e¨¥»¡¡y«Ü¿ò¾Ñì½sµÛªÌ (Johnston) ¤£¯à¿Ë²´¬Ý
¨ì¥»®Ñªº¥Xª©... ¡zµ¥»y¡C¦¹¹ê¬°¤@¾Ñ¨Æ¡A¦]¬°¥»®Ñªº
¥Xª©¨Ï±o¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s¦³¤F·sªº¤åÄm¡A¤]¥i¥H»¡¦¹±ë¤å
¥»ªº¥Xª©¡A¬°«P¦¨·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº«n¦]¯À¡A
Johnston ¥\¤£¥i¨S¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¾\¥H¤U¦U³¹¸`¡C
¶ 247
¨ÓÂäÀ¡BµÐ´£¤À¡B¥\¼w¤À¡B¦ò·~¤À¤ÎºÙÆg¤Àµ¥¤«~¡C¡]ª`¢°
¢´¡^
¦¹¤åÄmªº¥X¤g¡A¨Ï±o¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¦³¸û§¹¾ãªº±ë¤å¸ê
®Æ¡A¡]ª`¢°¢µ¡^¤]¦]¦¹¶}®i¥X¤£¦PÆ[ÂIªº½×¾Ô¡CÄ´¦p±q
Johnston »P Obermiller ¨â¥»Ä¶¤å¦WºÙ¡A¥i¬Ý¥X«eªÌ±ë¤å
¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nĶ¥»Æ[ÂI¡A»P Obermiller Âäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nĶ¥»
Æ[ÂIªº®t²§¡C¤£¦P©ó Obermiller ¨ÌÂäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nĶ¥»
Uttaratantra ¤§¡u³Ì¤W¯µ¸q¡v¡AJohnston §¹¥þ¨Ì·Ó±ë¤å
Ratnagotravibhaaga Mahaayaanottaratantra 'saastra
ªº¡uÄ_©Ê¤À§O¤j¼³Ì¤W¯µ¸q½×¡v¨ú¦W¡Aº~Ķ¥»«h¥H
Ratnagotra ¡uÄ_©Ê¡v¸q©R¦W¡C¥Ñ¹ï¦P¤@¥»½×¨åªº¤£¦P©R¦W
¡A¥i¬Ý¥X¨äª§Ä³ÂI -- º~¤åµÛ«©ó Gotra ¡]ºØ©Ê¡^¡BÂäå
µÛ«©ó Tantra ¡]¥Ñ " ¯¦±K¥»Äò " ¤Þ¥Ó¬° " ¯µ¸q "¡^¡A
¡]ª`¢°¢¶¡^¦]¸àÄÀ»PµÛ«ÂIªº®t²§¡A¦Ó±È°_¤F©¹«á¦p¨ÓÂÃ
¾Ç¬ã¨s»P½×¾Ô¤§´v¡C
____________________________________________________
15 Johnston ¨Ì¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n±N¥»¤å¤À¬°¡G Tathaagatagarb
haadhikaara, Bodhyaadhikaara, Gu.naadhikaara,
Tathaagatakrrtyakriyaadhikaara and Anu'sa.msaadh
-ikaara ¤³¡¥÷¡C¡]¥ç§Y¦p¨ÓÂäÀ¡BµÐ´£¤À¡B¥\¼w¤À¡B
¦ò·~¤À¤ÎºÙÆg¤Àµ¥¤«~¡^¡C¤£¦P©óº~Ķ¥»¤À¬°¤Q¤@«~¡]
´°¤Æ«~¡B¦òÄ_«~¡BªkÄ_«~¡B¹¬Ä_«~¡B¤@¤Á²³¥Í¦³¦p¨ÓÂÃ
«~¡BµL¶q·Ð´o©ÒÄñ«~¡B¬°¦ó¸q»¡«~¡B¨Âà²M²b¦¨µÐ´£«~
¡B¦p¨Ó¥\¼w«~¡B¦ÛµM¤£¥ð®§¦ò·~«~¤Î®Õ¶q«H¥\¼w«~¡^ªº
Ķªk¡C
16 Johnston ©Ò¾ã²zªº¤åÄm¬°¤Q¥@¬öªº 'Saradaa ¦rÅé¤Î
¤Q¤@¥@¬öªº Nepali ¦rÅé¡A¨Ã°Ñ·Óº~Ķ¥»¡BÂÃĶ¥»¡A^
Ķ¥»¦Ó¥Xª©¤§¡C
17 ÁöµMĶ¦W¤£¦P¡A¦ý²ßºD¤W¥»¤å¬Ò¥Hº~Ķ¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n³qºÙ
¤§¡Cº~Ķ¡yÄ_©Ê¡z¤D¬O¨ú±ë¤å«e±ªº¦r Ratnagotra¡A
ÂÃĶ«h¬O¨ú«á±ªº¦r Uttaratantra ¤§¡y³Ì¤W¯µ¸q¡z¡A
¦Ó±ë¤å¥þ¦W«h¬°¡yÄ_©Ê¤À§O¤j¼³Ì¤W¯µ¸q½×¡z¤§ Ratna
-gotravibhaaga Mahaayaanottaratantra 'saastra ¡C
¥H±ë¤åì¦W¤§½Æ¦Xµü¡A¥h¨ä×¹¢µü Ratna ¡]¬ÃÄ_¡^ ¤Î
Uttara ¡]³Ì¤W¡^«h¥i¬Ý¥X¡A¨äµÛ«ÂI¤§¤£¦P¡C
¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡A¦]¸àÄÀ»PµÛ«ÂI¤£¦P¡A¦Ó©R¦W«h¦³²§¡C
¤µªí¥Ü¦p¤U¡G
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Ratna-gotra Uttara-tantra
¡]º~Ķ¡^ ¡]ÂÃĶ¡^
¡õ ¡õ
Gotra Tantra
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¥Ñ©ó¤Wz¤TÓ¤åÄmªºµo²{»P¥Xª©¡A¡]ª`¢°¢·¡^À±¸É¤F¦
´Á¦è¤è¤j¼¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªº¯Ê¥¢¡A¤]¶}±Ò¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¡C¦]¦¹
¡A±q Obermiller ²Ä¤@¥»¬ÛÃö®ÑÄy¥Xª©¤§«á¡A¦p¨ÓÂþǧY¯d
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3. ½Ķªº¤èªk¬°¦ó ¡S¡]¦p½Ķ¹ïŪªºªí¹F¤è¦¡¡A»P°Ñ¦Ò¤å
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4. ¦p¨ÓÂþǰ£¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¥~¡AÁÙ¦³þ¨Ç¸g½×¥i¨Ñ¬ã¨s¡S
5. ¦p¨ÓÂìO§_¬°¬YºØ©Ê½èªº¦³§Ú½×¡S©Î©Ò¿×ªº¤@¤¸½×¡S
6. ¦p¨ÓÂþǻP·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ªºÃö«Y¦p¦ó?
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8. ªñ¥N¾Ç¤H¹ï¦p¨ÓÂ꺧å§P¬°¦ó¡S
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27 Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratnagotravibha
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Serie Orientale Roma, no.XXX111, Rome: Istituto
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33 ©ó«e¤å´£¨ì Obermiller ¥HÂöǦò±Ðªº¶Ç©Ó¡A»{¬°¡mÄ_
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±ë¤å¥»¡A±N¤§ÂkÄÝ©ó·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¡C
34 ¨ä¹ê¡A¦¦b 1930 ¦~ D.T. Suzuki ¡]¹a¤ì¤j¦õ¡^¤w®Ú
¾Úº~¤å¸ê®Æ¦b¨ä¡m·«¦÷¸g¬ã¨s¡n¤¤¡A´£¥X¦p¨ÓÂû¡ªº¸ê
®Æ¡G
Suzuki, D. T.,
Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra, London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1930, p. 137-139,
259-263. µ¥
The Lankavatara Sutra, London: Routledge & Kegan
Paul Ltd., 1932. "The Tathagatagarbha and the
Alaya-vijnana, " Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism,
New York: Schocken, 1963, p. 125-139.
¦Ó Takasaki ¡]°ª±Tª½¹D¡^¦b 1958 ¦~´N¦³¤@½g "The
Tathaagatotpattisa.mbhavananirde'sa of the Avata
.msaka and the Ratnagotravibhaga--with speci
-al reference to the term 'tathaagata
gotrasa.mbhava, ' Jouranl of the International
Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 7 no. 1,
1958, p. 348~343. °Q½×¦p¨ÓÂêº^¤å¤å³¹µoªí¡C
±µµÛ¡A¬ü°ê Minoru. Kiyota ¡]²M¥Ð¹ê¡^¦b¨ä
"Tathaagatgarbha thought" ¤@¤å§Y°w¹ï Elvin Jones
ªº "Buddhist Theories of Existents:The System of
Two Trughs, " Mahaayaana Buddhist Meditation:
Theory and Practice, ed. by M. Kiyota, Honolulu,
1978, p.41, n.19. ªº½èºÃ¡AKiyota ¤Þ¥Î¡m·«¦÷¸g
¡n¤§¡u¦p¨ÓÂû¡¡v (Tathaagatagarbha-vaada) µªÅG¤§
¡A¦¹»P¡uªÅ»¡¡v ('Suunya vaada) ©M¡uÃÑ»¡¡v (Vij~
-naavna vaada) ¤T¨t¹©¥ß¡C¡]Ãö©ó Kiyota ªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê
®Æ¡A±N©ó«á±ªº³¹¸`¤¶²Ð¡C¡^
¶ 254
»¡ªk¡A¦¹»¡¹ï©ó·í®É²ßºD©ó¨ÌÂöǦò±Ð©Î¦L«×¦ò±Ð±Ð¸q¡A¸Ñ
»¡¦òªkªº¼Ú¬w¦Ó¨¥¬O¥ó¤j¨Æ¡A¦ý¹ï¥_¶Ç¦ò±Ð¦Ó¨¥«h¤£µM¡C¡]
ª`¢²¢´¡^µL½×¦p¦ó¡AFrauwallner §â¦p¨ÓÂñиq·í§@²Ä¤T¾Ç
¬£¡A¹ï·í¥Nªº¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¬O¤@«nªº¨½µ{¸O¡C±q¦¹¡A¦p¨ÓÂþÇ
²æÂ÷¤¤Æ[¡B·ì¦÷¾Ç¬£ªº³±¼v¦Ó¦Û¦¨¤@¾Ç²Î¡A¶}±Ò¦è¤è¦ò¾Ç¬ã
¨sªº·s¹Ò¬É¡C¡]ª`¢²¢µ¡^
(¤G) David Seyfort RueggªºÂöǦp¨ÓÂþǬã¨s
¦¹¥~¡A¼Ú¬w¾ÇªÌ D. Seyfort Ruegg ¦b La th$orie du
Tathaagatagarbha et du Gotra »P Le trait$ du
Tathaagatagarbha de Bu ston Rin chen grub ¨â®Ñ¡A¡]ª`
¢²¢¶¡^¤Î¨ä¥L¦h½g½×µÛ¤¤¡A¡]ª`¢²¢·¡^¥HÂöǤåÄm¬°«nªº
°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡A§@¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¡C
¥L»{¬°±ë¤å¸ê®Æ¬y¥¢¤£»ô¥þ¡A¦]¦¹Âäå¤åÄm´N¦¨¬°«n
ªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥L¥HÂÃĶ¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¤Î¨äµù²¨
(Vyaakhyaa) ¬°¥D¡A¹ï¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n»P¦p¨ÓÂþǰµ¬ã°Q¡C¦b¡m
¦p¨ÓÂûPºØ©Ê²z½×¡n (La th$orie du Tathaagatagarbha
et du Gotra)
____________________________________________________
35 ¥_¶Ç³¡¥÷±N¥t¤å°Q½×¡C
36 °ß¦³¦p¨ÓÂ꺲ĤT¾Ç¬£¤§»¡´£¥X¡A¨Ï±o¦p¨ÓÂño¬ã¨s¦W
¥¿¨¥¶¶ªº¦¨¬°¬ã¨sªº½ÒÃD¡A¤£¬O¦´Áªº¶È¥H¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n
¬°¥Dªº¬ã¨s¦Ó¤w¡C
37 ¦¹®Ñ¥L®Ú¾Ú¥¬´° (Bu ston rin chen grub 1290-1364)
ªºµù²¨¡A¥ß°ò©ó¥¬´°ªº±Ð»¡¡A¥L¹ï¦p¨ÓÂèt¦³¬Û·íºëÅP
ªº¸Ñ»¡¡C
38 David Seyfort Ruegg Ãö©ó¦p¨ÓÂìã¨sªº«n½×µÛ:
"The Jo-nang-pas: a school of Buddhist
ontologists according to the Grub-mtha oshel-gyi
me-long, " Jurnal of the American Oriental
Society vol. 83, 1963 p. 73-91.
La th$orie du Tathaagatagarbha et du Gotra,
Paris:Ecole Franxaise d'Extr#me Orient,1969.
Le trait$ du Tathaagatagarbha de Bu ston Rin
chen grub, Paris: Ecole Franxaise d'Extr#me
Orient, 1973.
"The meaning of the term Gotra and the Textual
History of Ratnagotravibhaaga, " Bulletin of
Scho -ol Oriental and African Studies, 1976,
p341-344.
"The Gotra, Ekayaana and Tathaagatagarbha
Theories of Praj~naapaaramitaa According to
Dharmamitra and Abhayakaragupta, ",
Prajbaparamita and Related Systems, ed. by Lewis
Lancaster, 1977, p283-317. Buddha nature, mind
and the problem of gradualism in a comparative
perspective: on the transmission and reception
of Buddhism in India and Tibet. New Delhi:
Heritage Publishers (in arrangement with School
of Oriental and African stidies, London),1992.
¶ 255
¤¤¡ASeyfort Ruegg º¥ý±q·ì¦÷¦æ¬£»P¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬£ªº¤åÄm¡A¤Î
¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö¸g¨å¤¤¡A¸Ñ»¡¤j¼¡uºØ©Ê¡v (gotra) ªº±Ð¸q»P²z
½×¡A¥H±´°Q·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¡m¤j¼²øÄY¸g½×¡nªººØ©Ê¸q¡B¡uµÐÂĦa
¡v»P¡uÁn»D¦a¡vªººØ©Ê¸q¡B¡mÄá¤j¼½×¡nªººØ©Ê¸q¡B¡m¤¤Ãä
¤À§O½×¡nªº¬É»PºØ©Ê¡B¤Î©v³Ø¤Ú¹ï¡u°ßÃѾǬ£¡vºØ©Ê¸qªº§å
§P¡CµM«á¡A¥L±q¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬£¤åÄm¤¤¡A±´°QºØ©ÊªºÄ´³ë¡A¤ÎÂöÇ
¡m²{Æ[²øÄY½×¡nªººØ©Ê±Ð¸qµ¥¡C
¨ä¦¸¡A¥L«h±q¡m²{Æ[²øÄY½×¡n¤Î¨äµùÄÀ¡A±´°QÂöǦò±Ð
¡uµÐ´£»P¤@¼¡vªº°ÝÃD¡A¶i¦Ó¬ã°Q¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº¤@¼±Ð¸q¡C
µM«á¡A¦b¡u¦p¨ÓÂñиq¡v¤¤¡A¥L«h¥H¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¤Îµù²¨
(Vyaakhyaa) ¬°¥D¡A¤ÀªRºØ©Ê¡B¬É¡B¦p¨ÓÂ꺱иq¤Î¡mÄ_©Ê
½×¡n»P Vyaakhyaa ¤¤¦p¨ÓÂûPªk¨¡B¦p¨Ó¡BºØ©Ê¡B¦ò¤§´¼
»P´dªºÃö«Y¡C¤Î¤£¥i«ä¡B¤£¥iijªº¡u²Ä¤@¸q¿Í¡v (La
R$alitŠ absolu; paramaartha) ¤§¥»½è¡A¥H²z¸Ñ¦p¨ÓÂûP
ªÅ©ÊªºÃö«Y¡A¨Ã°Q½×¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¤Î¨ä¬ÛÃö¸g¨å¤¤ªº²Ä¤@¸q
-- ªÅ©Êªº°ÝÃD¤Î¦ò¼wµ¥°ÝÃD¡C¶i¦Ó±q¡u²Ä¤@¸q¿Í¡vªº½T¥ß
¡A¥H°Q½×ÂöǦò±Ðªº¦p¨ÓÂûPºØ©Ê²z½×¡C
³Ì«á¡A¦b¡u¦Û©Ê²M²b¤ß¡v (La luminosit$ naturelle
de la Pens$e ¥»©Ê©ú²b ) ¤¤±´°Q¸g¨å¤¤¦³Ãö¡u©ú²b¡v
(prabhaasvara) ªº±Ð»¡¡A¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n»Pµù²¨ (Vyaakhyaa)
¤¤¡u©ú²b¡vªº«ä·Q¡A°ßÃѾǬ£»P¤¤Æ[±Ð¸q¤¤¦³Ãö¡u©ú²b¡vªº
«ä·Q¡A³¯¨º»PªkºÙªº¡u©ú²b¡v«ä·Q»PµL«¯ÃÑ¡Bªü¼¯Ã¹ÃѤΤß
ªº¡u©ú²b¡vµ¥¬ã¨s¡C¡]ª`¢²¢¸¡^±q¤Wz²¤¶¡AŪªÌ·í¥i²M·¡
ªºÁA¸Ñ Seyfort Ruegg ¹ï¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s¤§¥Î¤ß¡C
¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nÂöǸg¨åªº^Ķ¥Xª©¡B±ë¤åì¨åªº½s¿è¥X¤g
¡A¦A¥[¤Wº~Ķ¦ò¨åªº¤ñ¹ï¡A¤Î E. Frauwallner ´£¥Xªº¤T¨t
»¡¡A¨Ã¸g¥ÑªF¤è¾ÇªÌ°ª±Tª½¹D»P¦è¤è¾ÇªÌ D. Seyfort
Ruegg ªº§V¤O¡A¨Ï±o¾Ç¬É¹ï¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q¦³¸û§¹¾ãªº²z¸Ñ¡A¨Ã
¦¨¬°«áÄ~¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨s°ò¦¡C¥H¤U¦U¸`©Òzªº·í¥N½×µÛ¡A¥i»¡
¬O®Ú°ò©ó«e±´X¦ì¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨s¡A¦Ó¦³©Ò¬ð¯}¡C¬O¥H¡A¤U¤å±N
Âk¯Ç¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªºªñ¥N¬ã¨s¡A¨Ã§@¤@¤pµ²¡C
____________________________________________________
39 ¥»¤åºKĶ¦Û: Daved, Seyfort Ruegg La th$orie du
Tathaagatagarbha et du Gotra, Paris: Ecole Franx
-aise d'Extr#me Orient,1969.
¶ 256
(¤T) S. K. Hookham¹ï·í¥N¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¬ã¨sªºÂk¯Ç
S. K. Hookham ©ó 1991 ¦~¥Xª©ªº The Buddha
Within: Tathagatagrabha Doctrine According to the
Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga
¤@®Ñ¡AÁöµM¬O¦b¬ü°ê¥Xª©¡A¡]ª`¢³¢¯¡^µM¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥»®Ñªºì
½Z¬°¸Ó§@ªÌ 1986 ¦~©ó^°ê¤û¬z¤j¾Çªº³Õ¤h½×¤å¡A¨ä«ü¾É±Ð
±Â¬° Paul Williams¡A¦Ò¸Õ±Ð±Â¬° David Seyfort Ruegg
µ¥¤H¡C¬O¥H¡A¥»¤å±N¨äÂkÃþ©ó¼Ú¬w°Ï°Q½×¡C¦p¨ä°Æ®Ñ¦W©Ò¨¥
¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¥H¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº¥LªÅ (Shentong) Æ[¸àÄÀ¦p¨ÓÂñÐ
¸q¡Cº¥ý¡A¦o´£¥X¦b¦L«×¦ò±Ð¥v¤W±q¥¼´£¨ìªº¦ÛªÅ
(Ragntong)¡B¥LªÅ (Shentong) ¤Î¨ä©w¸q¡C¨Ã¥B½T»{¥ý«eªº
¬ã¨sªÌ¡A¬Ò¥H Gyaltsab µùÄÀªº¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¬°ÂÅ¥»¡A¡]ª`¢³
¢°¡^¤]´N¬O³£¥H¦ÛªÅ (Rangton) ¨Ó¸Ñ»¡¸g¤å¡A¦o»{¬°¦¹»P
¥LªÅ (Sheng tong) ªº¸Ñ»¡¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C
¸Û¦p¥»¤åªº´yz¡AObermiller ¬O®Ú¾Ú¦èÂóâ¹Àªº±Ð¾É
¡A¨Ã°Ñ¦Ò Gyaltsab ªºª©¥»¦Ó¼gªº¡A¦]¦¹¦o»{¬°
Obermiller ¬O¥[¤W Gyaltsab ªºµù¸Ñ¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¯u¥¿ªºÂ½Ä¶
¡C¦P®É¦o¤]»{¬°¡AJohnston ¥u¬O¨Ì¹¬¤Hµo²{ªº¤GÓ±ë¤åª©
¥» (Sarda script ¤Î Nepali script) §@¾ã²z»P¸àÄÀ¡A¸ê
®Æ¨Ã¤£¥R¤À¡Cª½¨ì 1964 ¦~°ª±Tª½¹D (Takasaki) ¥Hº~¤å¡B
Âäå»P±ë¤å§@¤ñ¹ï¡A©lµo²{º~Ķ¥»»PÂÃĶ¥»¦³«Ü¤jªº¤£¦P¡C
¦Ü 1969 ¦~ Seyfort Ruegg ªº La th$orie du
Tathaagatagarbha et du G•tra ¤@®Ñ¥Xª©¡A¤~½T¥ßÂöǦp
¨ÓÂþǪº«n©Ê¡C
ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¥Ñ©óÂödzâ¹À¥[¤J¬ã¨sªº¦æ¦C¡A¶}©l¦³·s§@«~
°Ý¥@¡A¦p 1979 ¦~ªº The Changeless Nature ¤Î Thrangu
Rimpoch ªº¤@¨Ç·s¥Xª©«~µ¥¡C¡]ª`¢³¢±¡^¦p Hookham
____________________________________________________
40 S. K. Hookham, The Buddha Within:
Tathagatagrabha Doctrine According to the
Shentong Interpretation of the
Ratnagotravibhaga, New York: State University of
New York Press, 1991.
41 ¦¹¬° Gyaltsab ªº Dartik (rGyud bla Ma'i dar tik)
¡C¥»¬q Hookham ©Ò¿×ªº Gyaltsab¡A§Y¬°µù 11 ªº
Rgyal tshab Darma rin chen¡C(¥»¬q©Ò¥ÎªºÂäå«÷µ
¬Ò¥H Hookham ì®Ñªº¥Îªk¬°¥D¡C)
42 Ãö©ó Thrangu Rimpoche ªº¥Xª©«~¦³:
The Open Door to Emptiness, tr. by Sakya
Dorje, ed. Michael Lewis,
Nepal: Lhundrub Teng, Bouhda, Kathmandu, 1978.
A Commentary on the RGV by Thrangu Rimpoche, tr.
by M. Kapstein, ed. Brian Beresford. (Published
without Thrangu Rimpoche's knowledge), 1983.
¶ 257
©ó¡u§Ç¤å¡v©Òz¡A¸Ó®Ñ¤]¬O±o¤O©ó³â¹Àªº¨ó§U½Ķ»P¸ÑŪ¡A
¤~±o¥H¥Xª©¡C¥i¨£¦è¤è¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº¬ã¨s¡AÂödzâ¹Àªº½T¥\
¤£¥i¨S¡I
¸g¥Ñ¤WzªºÂ²¤¶¡A¥iª¾ Hookham ¹ï¹L¥hªº¦p¨ÓÂþǬã
¨s´£¥X¤F¤@¨Ç½èºÃ¡G
1. Obermiller¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nÂäåĶ¥»ªº°ÝÃD¡C
2. Johnston¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n±ë¤åª©¥»ªº°ÝÃD¡C
3.¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nÂäåĶ¥»»Pº~¤åĶ¥»ªº¤£¦P¡C
4. ¦p¨ÓÂþǬO§_¥¿½T¹B¥ÎÂöǸê®Æªº°ÝÃD¡C
5. ¦p¨ÓÂûP¦ÛªÅ¡B¥LªÅªº±´°Qµ¥°ÝÃD¡C
¥|¡B¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªñªp
(¤@) ªñ¥N¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s·§z
©ÓÄ~¼Ú¬w»P¤é¥»¹ï¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¡A¬ü°ê¶}©l§ïÅܦp¨Ó
ÂþǪº¬ã¨s»P½d³ò¡A¤£¦P©ó¦´Á¨Ì¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡nªº¬ã¨s¡A¥[¤J
¨ä¥L¦p¨ÓÂèt¸g½×ªº¬ã¨s¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡Aªñ¥N¬ü°ê¾ÇªÌªº¦p¨Ó
ÂþǬã¨s¡A¤£¦A¥u«]©ó±ë¤å¡BÂäå¡Bº~¤åªº¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¬ã
¨s¦Ó¤w¡C
Ä´¦p±q¤C¡³¦~¥N¶}©l¡A¬ü°ê§Y¦³¦UÃþ¦p¨ÓÂìã¨sªºµÛ§@
¥X²{¡A¦p Alex Wayman ¡m³Óö¥¸g¡n¬ã¨s¡ASallie King ¡m
¦ò©Ê½×¡n¡B¡m¤£¼W¤£´î¸g¡n¡B¡mµL¤W¨Ì¸g¡n¦p¨ÓÂäT¸g½×ªº
¬ã¨s¡A¤Î Brain Brown ªº¡m³Óö¥¸g¡n¡B¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n¡B¡m·«
¦÷¸g¡n»P¡m¦¨°ßÃѽסn¡Aµ¥¦p¨ÓÂèt¸g½×ªº¬ã¨s¡C¥H¤Î¡A
Minoru Kiyota ªº Tathagatagarbha Thought¡AK. Holmes
ªº The Changeless Nature µ¥¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q
____________________________________________________
Buddha Nature, translated by Erik Pema Kunsang,
1988. (See also 1993) A Commentary on the
Uttara Tantra Sastra, tr. by Ken and Katia
Holmes, Boulder: Namo Buddha Publications, 1989.
(See also 1994)
Buddha Nature: Ten Teachings on the Uttara
Tantra Shastra, 2nd rev. ed. Hong Kong: Rangjung
Yeshe, 1993.
The Uttara Tantra: A Treatise on Buddha Nature
-- A Commentary on The Uttara Tantra Sastra of
Asanga by the Venerable Khenchen Thrangu
Rinpoche; tr. by Ken and Katia Holmes, Delhi:
Sri Satguru Publications, 1994.
¶ 258
ªº¬ã¨s¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¬Ý¥X¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s½d³ò¤wÂX¤j³\¦h¡I¤]´N
¬O»¡¡Aªñ¥N¬ü°ê¾Ç¬Éªº¦p¨ÓÂþǤ£¦P©ó¼Ú¬w¡A¤w¶}³Ð¥X¨ä¥L
¤è±ªº¬ã¨s¡A¥B¬ü°ê¾ÇªÌ¬ã¨sªº¦h¼Ë©Ê¡A¡]ª`¢³¢²¡^¥i¥H±q
¨ä®Ñ¥Ø¬Ý¥XºÝÙ¡C¡]ª`¢³¢³¡^
¦p¤Wz¡A±q®Ñ¥Ø¤¤ÅªªÌ·í¥iÁA¸Ñ·í¥N¬ü°ê¦ò¾Ç¬Éªº¦p¨Ó
ÂþǬã¨sªñªp¡A¥ç¥i´x´¤¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº¯ß°Ê¡A¨Ã¯àÅé·|¬ü
°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǾǪ̬ã¨sªº¦h¼Ë©Ê»PÅܤơC¦b³oºØ¦hÅܪºÀô¹Ò¤U
¡A¨ä¼vÅT¤O¥²µM·|ÂX¼W¡A¬G¤µ¦A´N¨ä¼vÅT»P¤Þµoªº½ÒÃDÄ~Äò
°Q½×¡C
(¤G) ªñ¥N¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¼vÅT
1990 ¦~ Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor of
Minoru Kiyota ¤@®Ñ°Ý¥@¡A¥»®Ñ¥]§t¤F M. Kiyota ¤Q¦ì¾Ç
¥Íªº§@«~¡A¡]ª`¢³¢´¡^¥Ñ¥»¥Xª©«~¥i¬Ý¥Xªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂäåÄm¬ã
¨sªº±¡ªp¤Î¨ä¼vÅT¡A¨Ã½T¥ß¦p¨ÓÂþǦb¬ü°êªº¦a¦ì¡A¤]ÂǦ¹
¹ï·í¥N¼Ú¬ü¦p¨ÓÂþǰµ¤@¤pµ²¡C¡]ª`¢³¢µ¡^¥Ñ¤å¤¤¥iª¾ M.
Kiyota ¯d¤é®É¡A¨ü¾Ç©óµ²«°¥O»D (Yuki Reimon)¡Bªá¤s«H
³Ó (Hanayama
Shinsho )¡B¤¤§ø¤¸ (Hajime Nakamura)¡B¥¤t¹ü
____________________________________________________
43 ´N¹³¬ü°ê¥»¨ªº¤å¤Æ¤@¼Ë¡A¦o¬O¤@Ó¤jº²Äl¡A¤×¨ä¬Oªí
²{¦b¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¤W¡A¬ü°ê¬Oºî¦X¤FªF¦è¨â¤èªº¬ã¨s
¡A²£¥Í¤F·sªº¤õªá¡A´N¦p T. D.Suzuki ªº¨ú¬ü°ê©d¤l
¡BAlex Wayman ªº¨ú¤é¥»©d¤l¡A¤é¸Ç²Ä¤G¥Nªº¬üÄy M.
Kiyota ¨ú¤é¥»©d¤l¡A¥L̦b¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¡A¤]¬O¤@
¼Ëªº¦³¨äªF¦è¤èªººî¦X©Ê»P·sªº¶}®i¡A¦]¦¹¦p¨ÓÂþǦb
¬ü°êªºµo®i¦³¤F¹ñ·sªº¤è¦V¡C
44 ¦³Ãö¬ü°êªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǮѥػP¤ÀÃþ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\§ù¥¿¥Á¡A¡q
¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s¤p¥v -- ¦p¨ÓÂþǮѥز¤¶»P¾ÉŪ¡]¤W¡^
¡r¡A¡m¦ò±Ð¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]°T¡n¡A²Ä 10/11 ´Á¡A1997¡A¶
45-47 »P¶ 49-52 ¤§µù 11-24¡Cµ§ªÌ±N©Ò»`¶°ªº¸ê®Æ
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ÂþǬã¨sªº¤@¨Çµïµ·°¨¸ñ¡C
45 Paul J. Griffiths and John Keenan ed., Buddha
Nature Treatise : A Festschrift in Honor of
Minoru Kiyota, Tokyo: Buddhist Books Inter natio
-nal, 1990.
¥»®Ñ¥Ñ Kiyota ªº¾Ç¥Í¦p¡GJose Cabezon, Roger
Gregory --Tashi-Corless, Paul Griffiths, William
Grosnick, Jamie Hubbard, Roger Jackson , John
Keenan, Sallie King, Heng-ching Shih ¤Î
Paul Swanson µ¥¤Q¦ìªº¤å³¹©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº½×¤å¶°¡C
46 ¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¤è¦V¦bªñ¦~¨Ó¦³©ÒÂà§é¡A¥Ñ Buddha
Nature ¤@®Ñªº¨â¦ì§@ªÌ Jamie Hubbard »P Paul
Swanson ·s¥Xª©ªº Pruning the Bodhi Tree¡A¥i¬Ý¥X
³o¤@·sªº¨½µ{»PÂàÅÜ¡C¸Ô±¡±N©ó¡y§å§P¦ò±Ð¡z¤@¸`¤¤°Q
½×¡C
¶ 259
(Akira Hirakawa) ¤Î¥É«°±d¥|¦ (Koshiro Tamaki) µ¥¤é
¥»¾ÇªÌ¡A¦b 1963 ¦~Àò±oªF¨Ê¤j¾Ç³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A§Yªð¦^¬ü°ê©ó
Wisconsin ¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â¦ò¾Ç¦Ü¤µ¡C¥L«ü¾Éªº¾Ç¥Í«Ü¦h¡A¦p«í²M
ªk®v¤Îªñ¤éªð°êªº±ö°i¤åµ¥¬Ò¬° Kiyota ªºªù¥Í¡A¥i¿×¬O®ç
§õº¡¤Ñ¤U¡C¥Ñ¥»®Ñ¥iª¾¡A³o¨Ç§@ªÌ¹M§G¬ü°ê¡B¤é¥»¡B»OÆWµ¥
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¤jªº¼vÅT¡C¤µ¹ï¥»®Ñªº¤º®e¤Î¦U½g¤å³¹§@¤@²¤¶¡G¡]ª`¢³¢·
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47 ¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¹M§G¦U¥Dnªº¾Ç³N³æ¦ì¡A¨ä¼vÅT¤O¥i·Q¦Óª¾¡G
Jos$ Ignacio Cabez¢ n °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êIliff ¾Ç°|¡C
Roger Corless °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êDuke¤j¾Ç©v±Ð¾Ç¨t¡C
Paul J. Griffiths °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êChicago¤j¾Ç¯«¾Ç°|¡C
William G. Grosnick °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°ê LaSalle ¤j¾Ç©v±Ð
¨t¡C
Jamie Hubbard °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°ê Smith ¾Ç°|©v±Ð¨t¡C
Roger R. Jackson °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êCarleton¾Ç°|¡C
John P. Keenan °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êMiddlebury¾Ç°|õ¾Ç¨t¡C
Sallie B. King °õ±Ð©ó¬ü°êJames Madison¤j¾Ç¡C
Heng-ching Shih °õ±Ð©ó»OÆW¤j¾Çõ¾Ç¨t¡C
Swanson, Paul L. °õ±Ð©ó¤é¥»«n¤s©v±Ð¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s©Ò¡C
48 1.Jos$ Ignacio Cabez¢ n, "The Canonization of
Philosophy and the Rhetoric of Siddhaa^nta in
Tibetan Buddhism, " in Buddha Nature: A
Festschrift in Honor of Minoru Kiyota, edited
by Paul Griffiths and John Keenan, Tokyo:
Buddhist Books International, 1990, p. 7-26.
2.Roger Corless, "Lying to Tell the Truth -
Upaaya in Mahaayana Buddhism and Oikonomia in
Alexandrian Christianity, " in Buddha Nature: A
Festschrift in Honor of Minoru Kiyota, edited
by Paul Griffiths and John Keenan, Tokyo:
Buddhist Books International,1990, p. 27-40.
3. Paul J. Griffiths, "Painting Space with
Colors: Tathaagatagarbha in the Mahaayaanasuutra
-la^nkaara-Corpus IX.22-37, " in Buddha Nature:
A Festschrift in Honor of Minoru Kiyota, edited
by Paul Griffiths and John Keenan,Tokyo:
Buddhist Books International, 1990,p. 41-63.
4. William G. Grosnick, "Buddha Nature as Myth,
" in Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor of
Minoru Kiyota, edited by Paul Griffiths and John
Keenan,Tokyo: Buddhist Books International,1990,
p. 65-74.
5. Jamie Hubbard, "Perfect Buddhahood, Absolute
Delusion--The Universal Buddha of the San-chieh-
chiao," in Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor
of Minoru Kiyota, edited by PaulGriffiths and
John Keenan, Tokyo: Buddhist Books International
,1990,p.75-94.
6. Roger R. Jackson, "Luminous Mind Among the
Logicians - An Analysis of Pramaa.navaarttika II.
205-211, " in Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in
Honor of Minoru Kiyota, edited by Paul Griffiths
and John Keenan,Tokyo: Buddhist Books
International,1990,p. 95-123.
¶ 260
¥»®Ñ«ö·Ó§@ªÌ©m¤ó¦r¥À±Æ¦C¡A¥ý¦¬¿ý Jos‚ Ignacio
Cabez¢ nÃö©óÂöǮæ¾|¬£¾ÇªÌ¤§×¹¢»yªk¡A»PÂøgõ¾Ç«äºû
ªº¤å³¹¡F¨ä¦¸¨Ì§Ç¬O Roger Corless ¦b¡q¥Õ¦âªºÁÀ¨¥¡r¤@
¤å¤¤¹ï¡mªkµØ¸g¡n¡u¤è«K¡v (Upaaya) ¥Îªkªº±´°Q¡A¤Î¨ä¹ï
¤j¼¦ò±Ðªº¼vÅT¡FPaul J. Griffiths °w¹ï¡m¤j¼²øÄY¸g½×
¡n (Mahaayaanasuutrala.nkaara) IX.22-37 ³o´XÓÔU¹|¦³
Ãö¡u¦p¨ÓÂáv¤@µü¥Îªkªº¬ã¨s¡FWilliam G. Grosnick °ò©ó
¡u¤@¤Á²³¥Í±x¦³¦ò©Ê¡vªº°ò¦¡A¥H¦ò©Ê¤§°g«ä¬°½×ÃDªº¤¶²Ð
¡F Jamie Hubbard ¥Hº~¤å¸ê®Æ¨Ì¡u¤T¶¥±Ð¡vªº¥½ªk¡B¤T¶¥
¦òªk¡BµLºÉÂõ¥Ä³ÃD°Q½×¦ò©Ê¡FRoger R. Jackson ¨Ì¦L«×
»PÂöǤåÄm¡A°Q½× Pramaa.navaarttika II.205-211 ¤¤Ãö
©ó¤ß©Ê²M²b (Luminous mind; prabhaasarataa) ªº½×ÂI¡F
John P. Keenan «h»{¬°¤¤°ê¦ò±Ðªº¦p¨ÓÂûP¦ò©ÊÆ[¡A¨ü¹D
±Ð¡u¥»©Ê¡vªº¼vÅT¡F¤Î Sallie B. King ¨Ì¡m¦ò©Ê½×¡n¡B¡m
¤£¼W¤£´î¸g¡n¡B¯u¿ÍĶªº¡mµL¤W¨Ì¸g¡nµ¥°Q½×¦ò©Ê»P¯«¯¦¥D
¸qªº°ÝÃD¡C³Ì«á¡A«h¬°ÄÀ«í²M (Shih Heng-ching) ¨Ì¤Ñ¥x
´¼óª¦b¡m¤j¼¤îÆ[ªkªù¡n»P¡mÆ[µ¥È¸q¡n©Ò´£ªº©Ê´cÆ[¡A°Q
½×¦ò©Êªº°ÝÃD¡A¤Î¦oªº¦P¾Ç Paul Swanson ¥H¤Ñ¥x´¼óªªº¤T
¿ÍÆ[¡B¤T¯ëY¡B¤T¨¡B¤T¼wµ¥Æ[ÂI°Q½×¤T¦ò©Êªº°ÝÃD¡C±q¤W
zªºµÛ§@¥iÁA¸Ñ¡A¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¦b¬ü°ê¤w¬O¦h±©Êªº±´°Q
¡A¦Ó¤£¥u¬O§½©ó³æ¤è±ªº¬ã¨s¡C
¦b Kiyota ªº«ü¾É¤U¡A°£¤F Buddha Nature ¤@®Ñ¥~¡A
ÁÙ¦³¦h½gÃö©ó¦p¨ÓÂìã¨sªº³Õ¤h½×¤å¡A¯÷¨ÒÁ|¦p¤U¡G
____________________________________________________
7. John P. Keenan, "The Doctrine of Buddha Natu
re in Chinese Buddhism - Hui-K'ai on
Paramaartha, " in Buddha Nature: A Festschrift
in Honor of Minoru Kiyota, edited by Paul Gri
-ffiths and John Keenan, Tokyo: Buddhist Books
International, 1990, p. 125-137.
8.Sallie B. King, "Buddha Nature Thought and
Mysticism Buddha Nature Treatise, Supreme
Basis Sutra, No Increase, No Decrease Sutra, "
in Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor of
Minoru Kiyota, edited by Paul Griffiths and John
Keenan, Tokyo: Buddhist Books International,
1990, p. 139-152.
9. Heng-ching Shih, "T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's Theory
of Buddha Nature--A Realistic and Humanistic
Understanding of the Buddha, " in Buddha Nature:
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Buddhist Books International, 1990, p.153-169.
10. Paul L. Swanson, "T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's
Concept of Threefold Buddha Nature - a
Synergy of Reality, Wisdom and Practice, " in
Buddha Nature : A Festschrift in Honor of Minoru
Kiyota, edited by Paul Griffiths and John
Keenan , Tokyo : Buddhist Books International ,
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¶ 261
1974 ¦~ Dianan Paul ªº¡m³Óö¥¸gªº¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q¡n¡A
1977 ¦~ Aaron Koseki ¦NÂám¤j¼¥È½×¡n¤¤¡u¦ò©Ê¡vªº¬ã
¨s¡A1979 ¦~ William Grosnick ªº¡m¹D¤¸ªº¦ò©ÊÆ[¡nªº¬ã
¨s¡A1981 ¦~ Sallie King ªº¡m¦p¨ÓÂäT¸g½×¤§¬ã¨s¡n¡A
Paul Swanson ¡m¤Ñ¥x´¼óªªº¬ã¨s¡n¡A1986 ¦~ Jamie
Hubbard ªº¡m¤T¶¥±ÐµLºÉÂ꺬ã¨s¡n¡A¤Î Shih Heng-Ching
¡]ÄÀ«í²M¡^ªº¡m¥Ã©ú©µ¹ØªºÁI²b¿Ä¦X½×¡nµ¥¡C¡]ª`¢³¢¸¡^
Kiyota ®v¥Í¦b¬ü°ê¹ï¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¼vÅT¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡C¡]ª`¢´¢¯¡^
(¤T) ¥H^¤åµoªí¦p¨ÓÂä峹ªº¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ¤Î¨ä¼vÅT
°£¤Wzªº¾ÇªÌ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¼Æ¦ì¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ©ó¬ü°êµoªí»P¦p¨Ó
Âæ³Ãöªº½×¤å¡A¦p¾¤´fÛ¡]µØ¸Ç¡^¡B¹ù©ú¬¡¡]»´ä¡^»PÄÀ«í
²M¡]»OÆW¡^µ¥¤H¡C¥Ñ©ó¥L̬O¤Ö¼Æ¯à¹B¥Îº~¤å¦ò¨å¼¶¼g^¤å
¦p¨ÓÂõۧ@ªº¾ÇªÌ¡A¦]¦¹¹ï·í¥N¼Ú¬üº~¤å¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨s¥ç¦³
©Ò¼vÅT¡C¤µÂ²¤¶¨ä^¤åµÛ§@©ó¤U¡G
1. Lai, Whalen ¾¤´fÛ
¾¤´fÛ 1975 ¦~¦b«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªº³Õ¤h½×¤å¡m¤j¼°_«H½×»P
¤¤°ê¤j¼¦ò±Ðªº°Ê¦]¡n¡A¡]ª`¢´¢°¡^¬O¬ü°ê¦´Á¤Ö¼Æ¬ã¨s¦ò
¾Çªº½×¤å¤§¤@¡C¨äµÛ§@¶q«ÜÂ×´I¡A¤j³£¬O»P
____________________________________________________
49 Paul, Diana. Y., A Prolegomena to the
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50 ¦¹³B©Ò¿× Kiyota ®v¥Í¡A·íµM¥]§t Wisconsin ¨ä¥L±Ð
®v©Ò¶}³]ªº½Òµ{¡C¦p Geshe Sopa ¶}³]ªºÂäå¡mÄ_©Ê½×
¡n½Òµ{¥ç¼vÅT¾Ç¥Í¦Ü¹d¡C
51 Whalen Wai-lun Lai, The Awakening of Faith in
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the Unfolding of Sinitic Mahayana Motifs, Ph .
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¶ 262
¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¦³Ãöªº§@«~¡C¡]ª`¢´¢±¡^¨ä¤¤¦³Ãö¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº
¤å³¹¦p¤U¡G
1.) 1982 ¦~ "Sinitic Speculations on Buddha Nature:
The Nirvana School" ¡q¤¤°ê¯Iºn©v¦ò©Ê«ä·Qªº¬ã°Q¡r
2.) 1987 ¦~ "Tao-sheng's Theory of Sudden Enlighten
ment Re-examined" ¡q¹D¥Í¹y®©½×¦A±´¡r
3.) 1991 ¦~ "Buddha-nature and Human Nature" ¡q¦ò©Ê
»P¤H©Ê¡r¡]ª`¢´¢²¡^
2. Liu Ming-wood¹ù©ú¬¡
¹ù©ú¬¡©ó¬ü°ê¥[¦{¤j¾Ç¬¥§üÁF¤À®ÕªF¤è»y¤å¨t¡A¥Dפ¤
°ê¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¡A¨ÃÀò±o³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¦´Á¥H^¤åµoªí¤F«Ü¦h¤å³¹
¡Aªð¦^»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¥ô±Ð«á¡A§Y¥H¤¤¤å¼g§@¬°¥D¡C¡]ª`¢´¢³
¡^¨ä¦³Ãö¦p¨ÓÂþǬã¨sªº^¤å¤å³¹¡G
1.) 1982 ¦~ "The Doctrine of the Buddha-Nature in
the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra" ¡q¤j¼¯Iºn¸g
ªº¦ò©Ê±Ð¸q¡r
2.) 1984 ¦~ "The Problem of the Icchantika in the
Mahaparinirvana Sutra" ¡q¤j¼¯Iºn¸gªº¡u¤@ÄÄ´£¡v
°ÝÃD¡r
3.) 1985 ¦~ "The Yogacara and Madhyamika Interpreta
tions of the Buddha-nature
____________________________________________________
52 ÁöµM¥Lªº§@«~¥þ¥H^¤å¼¶¼g¡A¦ý¦]³£µÛ«¦b¤¤°ê¦ò±Ðªº
¬ã¨s¡A¹ïÀ³¥Î¥~¤å¸ê®Æªº¤¤°ê¦ò¾ÇªÌ¦³¬Û·íµ{«×ªºÀ°§U
¡A©Ò¥H¶È¦C©ó¦¹¡C¨ä§@«~¦b»O¤j¦ò¾Ç¤¤¤ßªº¡u¦ò¾Çºô¸ô
¸ê®Æ®w¡v¡]http: //ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/SEARCH/srch.
htm) ¥Ø«e¦¬¿ý¦³¤»¤Q¦h½g®Ñ¥Ø¡AŪªÌ¥i¦Û¦æ¬d¾\¡C
53 Whalen Laiªº^¤åµÛ§@¡F
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54 ¦b»O¤j¦ò¾Ç¤¤¤ßªº¡u¦ò¾Çºô¸ô¸ê®Æ®w¡v¡]http: //ccbs
.ntu.edu.tw/SEARCH/srch.htm) ¤¤¦¬¿ý¦³¤Q¦h½gªº^
¤å§@«~¡A¥|¤Q¾l½gªº¤¤¤åµÛ§@¡C¡]¦]¸ê®Æ®wªº¸ê®ÆÀH®É
¼W·s¡A©Ò¥H¤£¸Ô¦C²Ó¥Ø¡C¡^
¶ 263
Concept in Chinese Buddhism" ¡q¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð°ßÃÑ»P¤¤
Æ[¹ï¦ò©Ê«ä·Qªº¸àÄÀ¡r
4.) 1989 ¦~ "The Early Development of the
Buddha-Nature Doctrine in China" ¡q¦´Á¤¤°ê¦ò©Ê
½×ªº¶}®i¡r¡]ª`¢´¢´¡^
3. Shih Heng-ching ÄÀ«í²M
ÄÀ«í²M¦b«Â´µ±d¨¯¤j¾Çªº³Õ¤h½×¤å¬° The Syncretism
of Ch'an and Pure Land Buddhism ¡m¥Ã©ú©µ¹ØªºÁI²b
¿Ä¦X¡n¡A ¡]ª`¢´¢µ¡^ĶµÛ¦³¤¤^¤å¦h½g¤å³¹¡A¦³Ãö¦p¨Ó
ÂþǻP¦ò©Ê¬ã¨sªº^¤å¤å³¹¦p¤U¡G
1.) 1988 ¦~ "The Significance of Tathagatagarbha: A
Positive Expression of Sunyata" ¡q½×¦p¨ÓÂ䧪ũÊ
¸q¡r
2.) 1992 ¦~ "Tien-T'ai: Chih -I's Theory of Buddha
Nature" ¡q´¼óªªº¦ò©Ê»¡¡r¡]ª`¢´¢¶¡^
ªk®v©ó 1985 ¦~ªð¥x«á¡A¦b»O¤jõ¾Ç¨t¥ô±Ð¡A¦h¥H¤¤¤å
µoªí¤å³¹¡A ¨Ã¶}±Â¡u¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q¡v¡A¬°»OÆWº¶}·í¥N¦p
¨ÓÂþǬã¨s·®ð¤§¥ý¡C¡]ª`¢´¢·¡^
____________________________________________________
55 Liu Ming-wood ¦³Ãö¦ò©Êªº^¤åµÛ§@¡G
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Mahaparinirvana Sutra," The Journal of the International
Association of Buddhist Studies, vol.5, no.2, 1982,
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56 ¥»½×¤å²{¥Xª©¬°®Ñ¡GShih Heng-ching The Syncretism
of Ch'an and Pure Land Buddhism, New York: Peter
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57 Shih Heng-ching¦³Ãö¦p¨ÓÂêº^¤åµÛ§@¡G
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58 ¥»¤å¯à¼¶ºc¦¨¤å¡A§¹¥þn·PÁ«í²Mªk®v©ó 1985 ¾Ç¦¨ªð
°ê®É¡AÄâ¦^Â×´Iªº¸ê®Æ¡A¨Ã©ó»O¤jõ¾Ç¨t¥¿¦¡Á¿±Â¡y¦p
¨ÓÂëä·Q¡z½Òµ{¡A¨Ï±o¦p¨ÓÂþǦb»OÆW¯à¦¨¬°¤@ªù«n
ªº¦ò¾Ç¬ì¥Ø¡C
¶ 264
Á`¤§¡A¥Ñ¤Wz¬ü°êªñ¥N¦p¨ÓÂìã¨sªºÂ²¤¶¡A¥iª¾¨ä¼vÅT
»P¤Þµoªº°ÝÃD¦p¤U¡G
1. ªñ¥N¬ü°ê¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¼h±¸û¼Ú¤é¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨sn¼s¡A
¥B§ó¦h±©Ê¡C
2. M. Kiyota ®v¥Í¹ï·í¥N¦p¨ÓÂþǪº¬ã¨s¦³¬YºØµ{«×ªº¼v
ÅT¡C
3.±q¤Wz¸ê®Æ¤¤¥i¬Ý¥X¥L̪º¤@¨Ç½×ÂI¡G
1)Kiyota ®v¥ÍµÛ«©ó¦p¨ÓÂìO§_¬°¤@¤¸½×ªº°Q½×¡C¡]ª`
¡@¢´¢¸¡^
2)«µøÂöǦp¨ÓÂýר媺¬ã°Q¡C
3)Ãö¤ß¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¬°¥»¤g©Î¥~¶Çªº°ÝÃD¡C
4.Wisconsin ¬°¦è¤è¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº·Å§É¡G
1)úC¨¦¾Ë¬L1981¦~¦Ü1982¦~´¿¦bWisconsin±Ð¾Ç¡C
2)Pruning the Bodhi Tree ¤@®Ñªº½sµÛ»P®Ñ¤¤¦h¦ì¦è¤å
§@ªÌ¡A¡]ª`¢µ¢¯¡^³£¬O²¦·~©ó¦¹¡C
3)Jamie Hubbard ¦b¤é¥»´¿»PªQ¥»¥v®Ô¬ã°Q¡m³Óö¥¸g¡nªº
¦p¨ÓÂðÝÃD¡C¡]ª`¢µ¢°¡^
____________________________________________________
59 ¨Ì¡m¦ò¥ú¤jÃã¨å¡nªº¸Ñ»¡¡G¤@¤¸½×¡A^»y Monism¡C¤Z
¥H°ß¤@ì²z»¡©ú¦t©z¥þÅ餧¨£¸Ñ¡AºÙ¬°¤@¤¸½×¡C§Y¿×¦t
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60 ¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ½Ð°Ñ·Óµù79¡C
61 ¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ½Ð°Ñ¾\¡GHubbard, Jamie and Swanson, Paul
ed. Pruning the Bodhi Tree: the Storm over
Critical Buddhism, Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1997, p. xx - xxii.
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¢x 1931, ¢x
¢x Obermiller, E. ¢x
¢x ¡§The Sublime School of the Great ¢x
¢x Vehicle to Solvation¡¨ ¢x
¢x ¢x
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¢x Wrimala devi Sutra and the Tathagata ¢x ¢x
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¢x and Tathagatagarbha Theories of ¢x ÆðÆ÷Çr¦p¨ÓÂáB¦ò©ÊÇU¬ã¨s¡n ¢x
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¢x Ayonisomanaskara in the ¢x1985, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡m¦ò©Ê¦ó¡n ¢x
¢x Ratnagotravibhaga" ¢x1985, ¦N¬z©y^¡A¡mµØÄY«ä·Q¥vªº¬ã¨s¡n¢x
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¢x Uttara Tantra Sastra ¢x ¢x
¢x1990,Griffiths, Paul J. And John Keenan ed. ¢x ¢x
¢x Buddha Nature Treatise ¢x ¢x
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¶ 268
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¢x Study of the Tathagatagarbha and ¢x1988, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q. ¢×¡n ¢x
¢x Alayavijbana ¢x1989, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q. ¢º¡n ¢x
¢x1991,H. S. Prasad ed. The Uttaratantra of ¢x1989, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡mÄ_©Ê½×¡n ¢x
¢x Maitreya ¢x ¢x
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¢x1992,Ruegg, David Seyfort. Buddha Nature, ¢x ¢x
¢x Mind and the Problem of Gradualism in ¢x ¢x
¢x a Comparative Perspective ¢x ¡õ ¢x
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1989, ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡A¡m½t°_ÇOªÅ--¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q§å§P¡n
1989, ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡A¡mÁI«ä·QÇU¬ã¨s§å§P¡n
1989, úC¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A¡m¥»Ä±«ä·Q§å§P¡n
1989, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q. ¢º¡n¡A¶372¡V376¡C
1990, ¥¤t¹ü½s¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂÃÇO¤j¼°_«H½×¡n¡A¶78¡V88¡C
1990, úC¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A¡m§å§P¦ò±Ð¡n
1990, ¥Ð§øªÚ®Ô¡A¡m¥»Ä±«ä·Q½×¡n
1991, Schmithausen, Lambert. Buddhism and Nature
1991, ²L¤«¶ê¹D½s¡A¡m¥»Ä±«ä·QÇU·½¬yÇO®i¶}¡n
¶ 269
1992, ¥ìÃö©¹Ø¡A¡m¤¤°ê¦ò±ÐÇU§å§Pªº¬ã¨s¡n
1992, úC¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A¡m¹D¤¸ÇO¦ò±Ð -- ¤Q¤G¨÷¥»¥¿ªk²´ÂÃÇU¹D
¤¸¡n
1993, ¥½¤ì¤å¬ü¤h¡A¡m¤é¥»¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¥v½×¦Ò¡n
1993, Swanson, Paul. ¡§ Zen is not Buddhism: Recent
Japanese Critiques of Buddha ¡V Nature ¡¨
1993, Heine, Steven. ¡§ Critical Buddhism and the
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1993, Hubbard, Jamie. ¡§ A Critical Appraisal of
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1993, Lusthaus, Dan. ¡§ Critical Buddhism: Returning
to the Sources ¡¨
1993, Yamabe, Nobuyoshi. ¡]¤s³¡¯à©y¡^¡§ The Critique
of 'Dhatu ¡V vada' in Critical Buddhism ¡¨
1994, Gregory, Peter. ¡§ Tsung ¡V mi and the Problem
of Hongaku Shisg ¡¨
1994, ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡A¡mÁI«ä·QÇU§å§Pªº¬ã¨s¡n
1994, úC¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A¡m°ßÃÑÇU¸ÑÄÀ¾Ç -- ¡u¸Ñ²`±K¸g¡vÇyŪÇg
¡n
1994, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡q³Ìªñ¤Q¦~ÇU¦ò±Ð¾Ç¡r
1995, Seyfort Ruegg, David. ¡§ Some Reflectios on
the Place of Philosophy in the Study of
Buddhism ¡¨
1995, §f³Í¤å¡A¡m·í¥N¤é¥»¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¬ã¨s¡G¥H¡u½t°_¡v
¡B¡u dhatu ¡V vada ¡v¬°¤¤¤ß¤§¬Ù¹î¡n
1995, ªLÂí°ê¡A¡q¦ò±Ðõ¾Ç¥i¥H¬O¤@ºØ§å§Põ¾Ç¶Ü¡H-- ²{
¥NªF¨È¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v«ä¼éªº«ä·Q¥v¬Ù¹î¡r¡A
1996, Lin, Chen ¡V kuo, ¡§ A Tale of Two Buddhisms:
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1996, Matsumoto, Shiro. ¡]ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡^¡§ Critique of
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¡¨
1997, °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡q§ïª©ÇR·íÇJÇM¡r¡A¡m¼W¸É·sª©¦ò©ÊÇOÇV
¦óÆñ¡n
¶ 270
¤»¡B§å§P¦ò±Ð¡]Critical Buddhism¡^
1997, Hubbard, Jamie and Swanson, Paul ed. Pruning
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Buddhism.¡]ª`¢µ¢±¡^
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William Bodiford,¡§Zen and the Art of Religious
Prejudice : Efforts to Reform a Tradition of
Social Discrimination,¡¨ Japanese Journal of
Religious Studies, vol.23 no.1¡V2, Spring
1996, p.1¡V27.
Matsumoto, Shiro.¡]ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡^ ¡§Critique of
Tathagatagarbha Thought in Buddhist Philosophy.¡¨
Panel papaer on ¡§The Critical Buddhism¡¨,
delivered at The Third Annual Meeting of the
International Association for Asian Philosophy
and Religion¡]²Ä¤T©¡°ê»Ú¨È¬wõ¾Ç»P©v±Ð¾Ç·|¦~·|¡^
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68 ºK¿ý¦Û¡GMatsumoto, Shiro. ¡]ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡^¡§
Critique of Tathagatagarbha Thought in Buddhist
Philosophy. ¡¨ Panel papaer on ¡§ The Critical
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71 ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡A¡m½t°_ÇOªÅ -- ¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q§å§P¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G
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72 Ãö©ó¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªºµªÅG¡A¤@¯ëºÙ¤§¬°¡u§å§P§å§P¦ò±Ð
¡v¡A¤µ¨Ì§Ç¦C¥X®Ñ¥Ø¦p¤U¡G°ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡q¸Ñ»¡¡r¡A¡m¦p
¨ÓÂëä·Q. ¢º¡n¡A¨Ê³£¡GªkÂÃÀ]¡A1989¡A¶ 372 ¡V
376 ¡C¥Ð§øªÚ®Ô¡A¡m¥»Ä±«ä·Q½×¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¬K¬îªÀ¡A
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¶ 274
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¤£¬O¦ò±Ðªº»¡ªk¡C´N¦¹¦Ó½×¡A°ª±T»{¬°ªQ¥»¥H¡u dhatu ¡V
vada ¡vªººc³y§@¬°¬É©w¦óªÌ¬O¦ò±Ð¡B¦óªÌ«D¦ò±ÐªºÆ[ÂI¡A
³o¥i»¡¬O¯Ê¥F¾ú¥vªº¦Ò¹î¡A¦Ó¯ÂµM¬OºØ«ä·Q©Ò³]©wªºÃþ«¬¡A
¦]¦¹¨ä¹ê®Ä©Ê¬O¿¨ü½èºÃªº¡C
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¥¤t¹ü¡A¡q¦p¨ÓÂëä·QÇOÇV¦óÆñ¡r¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂÃÇO¤j¼°_
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ªkµL¦æµL±`©M¨å«¬ªº¤Q¤G¦]½t¡A©ÎªÌ¬O«D¤@¤¸½×©Î¦h¤¸½×ªº
¦ò±Ð¥ß³õ¡C¡v¦]¦¹¡A°ª±T±µµÛ±À´ú¡A¤]³\¹³¤¤Æ[¬£©Ò¿×ªº¡u
³Ó¸q¿Í¡v¬Æ¦Ü³£·|¦¨¬°ªQ¥»§å§Pªº¹ï¶H¡A¨Ã¥B¦¹¤@§å§P±NÂX
¤Î¨ì¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Î¤¤ªº¥ô¦óÆ[ÂI¡A²×¦Ó¥D±i¤£©Ó»{¥ô¦óªº»ùÈ¡A
¸¨¤JµêµL¥D¸q¸Ì¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢²¡^
°ò©ó¤Wz²z¥Ñ¡A°ª±Tª½¹D©ó·s¥Xª©ªº¡m¼W¸É·sª©¦ò©ÊÇO
ÇV¦óÆñ¡n¤¤»¡¡AÁö·\¹ïªÀ·|ªº´Á«Ý¡A¦ý¹ï©ó¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¨Ã
¤£·Q¥t¤åµªÅG¡A¥L½ÐŪªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¨ä¡q³Ìªñ¤Q¦~ÇU¦ò±Ð¾Ç¡r§Y¥i
¡A¨ä¤£Ä@¦A§@µªÅGªººA«×¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢³¡^
(¥|) ¦è¤è¹ï¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº¦^À³
1993 ¦~¬K¡A¦] Paul Swanson ¼¶¼g¡§ Zen is not
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¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¦¨¬°°ê»Ú©Êªº½×ÃD¡A¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¤£¦A¥u¬O¤é
¥»°Ï¤ºªº§å§P¦ò±Ð¡A¤]¦¨¬°¦è¤è¾ÇªÌª`·Nªº½×ÂI¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢´
¡^¦]¦Ó¡A¦b 1993 ¦~¬ü°ê©v±Ð¾Ç³N¦~·|¤W¶}ÅP¡u§å
____________________________________________________
73 ¥X³B¦Pµù 19¡A¶ 55¡C¥Ñ©ó°ª±Tª½¹D¨Ã¤£Ä@¹ï¡u§å§P¦ò
±Ð¡v¦h°µµªÅG¡A¥Nªí©Ê¸ê®Æ¦³¡A¬G¥»¬q¦A¦¸Âà¿ý§f³Í
¤å¡A¡m·í¥N¤é¥»¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¬ã¨s¡G¥H¡u½t°_¡v¡B¡u
dhaatu ¡V vaada ¡v¬°¤¤¤ß¤§¬Ù¹î¡n¡A»O¥_¡G¬Fªv¤j¾Ç
õ¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡]«ü¾É±Ð±Â¡GªLÂí°ê¡^¡A1995¡A¶ 101 ¡V
102¡C¬ÛÃö¤åÄm½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¡G°ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡m¦p¨ÓÂëä·Q. ¢º¡n
¡A¨Ê³£¡GªkÂÃÀ]¡A1989¡C¡]¡q¸Ñ»¡¡r¡A¶ 372 ¡V 376¡C
¡^
74 °ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡q§ïª©ÇR·íÇJÇM¡r¡A¡m¼W¸É·sª©¦ò©ÊÇOÇV¦ó
Æñ¡n¡A¨Ê³£¡GªkÂÃÀ]¡A1997¡C
°ª±Tª½¹D¡A¡q³Ìªñ¤Q¦~ÇU¦ò±Ð¾Ç¡r¡A¡m¦ò±Ð¾Ç¡n¡A²Ä¤T
¤Q¤»¸¹¡AªF¨Ê¡G¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¾Ç·|¡A1994¡A¶ 1 ¡V 18¡C
Takasaki Jikido, ¡§ Thoughts on Dhaatu ¡V vaada
and Recent Trends in Buddhist Studies, ¡¨
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: the Storm over Critical
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Honolulu: University of Hawai ¡¦ i Press, 1997,
p. 314 ¡V 320.
¦p«eµù©Òz¡A°ª±Tª½¹D¹ï«á½úªº½×»¡¨Ã¤£Ä@¦A§@¶i¤@¨B
ªºµªÅG¡A¬O¥H¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¸û¤Ö¡A¬G¯à¤Þ¥Îªº¤å³¹¦³¡A¦]
¦Ó¦A¦¸¤Þ¥Î¥»¬q¡C
75 Swanson, Paul ªº¡§ Zen is not Buddhism: Recent
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§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº±MÃD°Q½×¡A¦p Yamabe, Nobuyoshi ¡]¤s³¡¯à©y
¡^¡§ The Critique of 'Dhaatu ¡V vaada' in Critical
Buddhism ¡¨¡ASteven.Heine ªº¡§ Critical Buddhism and
the Debate Concerning the 75 ¡V fascicle and the 12
¡V fascicle Shobogenso texts ¡¨¡AJamie Hubbard ªº¡§
A Critical Appraisal of Critical Buddhism ¡¨¤Î Dan.
Lusthaus ªº¡§ Critical Buddhism: Returning to the
Sources ¡¨µ¥¦³Ãö¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº^¤å¤å³¹´£¥X¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢µ
¡^
1995 ¦~ David Seyfort Ruegg ªº¡§ Some Reflectios
on the Place of Philosophy in the Study of Buddhism
¡¨¡A»{¬° Paul Swanson ±N¦p¨ÓÂ꺡uÂá]garbha¡^¡v¦r¸Ñ
ÄÀ¬°¡uLÂá]womb¡^¡v¨Ã¤£«ê·í¡A¦]¬° Seyfort Reugg »{
¬°¨ä¦b±ë¤å©ÎÂä夤¨ÃµL¹ïµ¥©ó¡uLÂávªº¦r¸q¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢¶
¡^¥Lªº»¡ªk¤Þ°_¦h¤Hªº°Q½×¡A¦]¬°¦bº~¤å©ÎªF¨È¦ò±Ð¹ï¦p¨Ó
Âæ³LÂøq¡A¨Ã¤£¯¥Í¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦b¡m¦p¨ÓÂøg¡n³£¦³¡u³h¤kÃh
¸tL¡vªºÄ´³ë¡A¬O¥H Seyfort Ruegg ªº»¡ªk¤Þ°_º~¤å¦ò¾Ç
ªÌ¬Û·íªºª`·N»P°jÅT¡C
1996 ¦~¦b»OÆW°ê¥ß¬Fªv¤j¾ÇÁ|¿ì¡u²Ä¤T©¡°ê»Ú¨È¬wõ
¾Ç»P©v±Ð¾Ç·|¦~·|¡v¡A¨ä¤¤ªº¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v³õ¦¸¡]The
Critical Buddhism Panel¡^¥ÑÄÀ«í²M¥D«ù¡A
____________________________________________________
76 Heine, Steven. ¡§ Critical Buddhism and the
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¶ 277
ªLÂí°ê»PªQ¥»¥v®Ô´£¥X½×¤å¡APaul Swanson Á¿µû¡C©ó·|¤¤
¡AªQ¥»¥v®Ô±N¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡vªº°_¦]¡B¹Lµ{¡B¥L»P¨ä¥L¡u§å§P
¦ò±Ð¡v¾ÇªÌ½×ÂI¤§²§¦Pµ¥§@¸Ô²Óªº¸Ñ»¡¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢·¡^
1997 ¦~¥Ñ Jamie Hubbard ©M Paul Swanson ½s¿è¥Xª©
ªº Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm over Critical
Buddhism¡A¦¹®Ñ¥i»¡¬O®Ú¾Ú¾ú¦~¨Ó»P¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v¦³Ãöªº¤å
³¹¦¬¶°¦¨¥Uªº¡A¤À¬°¡u§å§P¦ò±Ðªº¦]¥Ñ¡v¡B¡u°l´M¯u¦ò±Ð¡v
¤Î¡uªÀ·|§å§P¡v¤T³¡¤À°Q½×¤§¡A¥»®Ñ¨Ã¥]§t·í¥N¤Q¤¦ì§@ªÌ
ªº¤G¤Q¤G½g§å§P»PµªÅG¤å³¹¡A¥i»¡¬O¹ïªñ¥Nªº¡u§å§P¦ò±Ð¡v
°µ¤@Á`¦^ÅU¡C¡]ª`¢¶¢¸¡^
¤C¡B·í¥N¤¤°ê¦p¨ÓÂþDz¤¶»P®i±æ
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____________________________________________________
78 Matsumoto, Shiro. ¡]ªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡^¡§ Critique of
Tathagatagarbha Thought in Buddhist Philosophy.
¡¨ Panel papaer on ¡§ The Critical Buddhism ¡¨,
delivered at The Third Annual Meeting of the
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and Religion ¡]²Ä¤T©¡°ê»Ú¨È¬wõ¾Ç»P©v±Ð¾Ç·|¦~·|
¡^¡A»O¥_¡G°ê¥ß¬Fªv¤j¾Ç¡A1996¡C
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¥»®Ñ¥]§t¦³Peter Gregory , Paul Griffiths , Ruben
Habito , Steven Heine , Jamie Hubbard , Saillie
King, Dan Lusthaus, Paul Swanson, ¤Î¤s¤f·ç»ñ¡B¤s
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ªLÂí°ê¡A¡q¦ò±Ðõ¾Ç¥i¥H¬O¤@ºØ§å§Põ¾Ç¶Ü¡H-- ²{¥N
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ªF¤j¹Ï®Ñ¡A1995¡A¶ 599 ¡V 619¡C¨ä¥L¬ÛÃöµÛ§@¡G
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²Ä¤T©¡°ê»Ú¨È¬wõ¾Ç»P©v±Ð¾Ç·|¦~·|¡^¡A»O¥_¡G°ê¥ß¬F
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