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¶76
A Study on the Teachings of the Northern
School and the Hongzhou School as Described by Zongmi
by yi-shun huang (Abstract)
¡@¡@ This paper is a re-appraisal on Chan Master
Gueifeng Zongmi's ¡]¦c®p©v±K¡^ analysis and
critique of two Chan schools in the Chart of the
Master-Disciple Succession of the Chan Teaching
that Transmits the Mind Ground in China (¤¤µØ¶Ç¤ß
¦aÁIªù®v¸ê©Óŧ¹Ï¡A referred to hereafter as Chan
Chart). The Chan Chart was written by Zongmi in
response to the Buddhist layman Pei Xiu's »p¥ð
request to clarify the doctrines of four Chan
schools -the Northern School (Beizong ¥_©v ) and
the Hong- zhou ¬x¦{, Niutou ¤ûÀY and Heze ²ü¿A
lineages of the Southern School and explain the
relative successes and failures of their teachings
of sudden and gradual enlightenment. This text is
considered an important reference for
understanding the doctrines of the four schools in
the Tang dynasty. Modern scholars often quote
Zongmi's descriptions to present the doctrines of
these four schools without any critical appraisal.
Only Jiang Weiqiao says that he has doubts about
the fairness of Zongmi's critique. Furthermore ,
John R. McRae strongly disagrees with Zongmi's
critique of the ¡§ Northern School ¡¨ which he
argues is an imaginary school created by Shenhui's
¯«·| polemical writings and the Platform Sutra.
Due to the limit of space in this paper,with the
treatises written by the masters in their own
words and encounter dialogues ¡]»y¿ý¡^ of the
masters, I will only examine Zongmi's analysis and
critique on the Northern and Hongzhou Schools.
Negation of Zongmi's contribution on Buddhist
studies or making a conclusion that Zo ngmi tried
to distort the facts are not the aim of this
paper. Instead, this is an attempt to explore some
of Zongmi's biases due to his position as a
representative of the Heze School, and thus by
doing so it is hoped that present scholars will
make an effort to understand these different
schools through their own texts and words.
¶77
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¡@¡@ ÀHµÛ´°·×¤åÄmªºµo²{¤Î·s¾Ç³N¦¨ªGªºµoªí¡A«n¡B¥_©vªº¶Ç
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the Formation of Early Ch'an Buddhism. Studies in
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^¤å®ÑÄy
Gregory, Peter N. Tsung-mi and the Signification of Buddhism.
Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1991.
McRae, R. John. The Nothern School and the Formation of
Early Ch'an Buddhism. Studies in East Asian Buddhism.
no.3, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.
¡K¡K¡§The Ox-head School of Chinese Ch'an Buddhism: From
Early Ch'an to the Golden Age¡¨in Studies in Ch'an
and Hua-Yen, ed. by Robert M. Gimello &Peter N.
Gregory, Honolulu: Uni. of Hawaii Press, 1983.
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Âám»p¥ð¬B¿ò°Ý¡nÇU½¨è¡r¡mÁI¾Ç¬ã¨s¡n60(1981),71-10
4¤ÎPeter Gregory, Tsung-mi ang the Sinification of
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(11)John R.McRae¥i¿×¬O²{¥N¾ÇªÌ¤¤¹ï©v±KªºÁI©v¥vÆ[©M«ä·Q
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(12)¦p¥T¶³µØ¡A¡m©v±K¡n¡A120-139¶¤ÎPeter N. Gregory,
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¹ï¡m·«¦÷¸g¡n³o¼Ë¨èª©ªº·Qªk¡AJohn R. McRae, The Nothern
School and the Formation of Early Ch'an Buddhism,
251¶¡C
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úb (35)ñT¥ÐZ¶¯¡mÁIÇU»y¿ý¡n9¡A¡m¶°³£§Ç¡n¡A307-308¶¡C
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úh (41)¡m°¨¯ª¹D¤@ÁI®v¼s½t¡n¨£¡mÄòÂán119¡A405c-408a.
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új (43)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 405d.
úk (44)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 406a.
úl (45)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 406b.
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ún (47)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 406d.
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úq (50)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 406c.
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út (53)¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡A¡mÄòÂán119, 406d.
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úx (57)¦pJohn R.McreaªºµÛ§@The Nothern School and the Formation
of Early Ch'an Buddhism¡A´N¬O¤@ӫܦnªº¨Ò¤l¡C