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ªº¬O¨f¹l¡]J.W. de Jong¡^¡m¼Ú¬ü¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¤p¥v¡n¡]1974¡^¤Î¨ä«áÄò¼W¸É
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À°§U¡C°£¤F¨f¹l¡A©|¦³¦h¤H±q¨Æ¬ÛÃöªº³ø§i¡A¦p¤Õ­õ¡]Edward Conze¡^
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»¡¬O¡u»~´Áªº²{¥N¡v¡]belated modernity¡^ªºªí¶H¡A¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sªº±¡ªp
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¡@¡@¤@¯ë»{¬°¡A¦è¤èªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¦Û²¦º¸¥£¤Ò¡]Eugene Burnouf,1801-
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¡@¡@¦¹»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Ç­·¦³¨äµo®i¹Lµ{¡A¤Õ­õ«K±N¥»¥@¬ö«e¥b¸­ªº¼Ú¬w¦ò
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Stcherbatsky¡ARosenberg  »P Obermiller ¬°¥Nªí¡A¨ä¬ã¨s½d³ò¶}©l
ÂX¤Î³¡¬£ªü¬s¹F¿i¤åÄm¡A¨Ã´©¤Þ¦è¤è­õ¾Ç¡]¦p±d¼w¡^§@¬°®æ¸qªº¾ÌÂÇ
¡F¡]3¡^ªk¤ñ¾Ç¬£¡]Franco-Belgian   School¡^¡A¥H  Louis  de  La
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»P Etinne Lamotte  ¬°¥Nªí¡C¦¹¾Ç¬£¥H»y¨¥¾Ç¡B¤åÄm¾Ç¬ã¨s¬°°ò¦¡A
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¤j¡C§Y¨Ï²¤¿s¤@¤G¡A¤´¤£¯à¤£¥O¤H¦Ü¤µ¬°¤§·q¨Ø¨ä¦¨´N¡CPoussin
¡]1869-1938¡^®Õ­q¥Xª©¤ëºÙªº¡m²b¦W¥y½×¡n¡B¡m¤J¤¤½×¡n¡B¡m¤JµÐ´£
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·~ÁZ³ºµM¬O¥Ñ¦P¤@¾ÇªÌ©Ò§@¦¨ªº¡v¡]µù¥|¡^¡CLevi¡]1863-1935¡^³Ì¤Þ
¤Hª`·Nªº¦¨ÁZ¬O¥L¹ï¤j­¼·ì¦÷¦æ¬£±ë»y¤åÄmªºµo²{»P®Õ­q¡A¨äµLµÛ¡m
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¤´¬O¨å«ß¡CLamotte ¡]1903-1983¡^¨ü·~©ó Poussin¡A®Õ­q½Ķ¡m¸Ñ²`
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¡m¤j´¼«×½×¡n¡]¶ÈĶ¥X¤T¤Q¥|¨÷¡A¤À¤­¥U¡^¡]1944-1980¡^¡C
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      La Vallee Poussin", Poussin, 1988:xv-xix¡C
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¡ALamotte  §Y©ó 1949 ¦~¥Xª©¤@½g½×¤å¡A¡q½×¦ò±Ðªº¸àÄÀ°ÝÃD¡r¡A
«ü¥X¦ò±Ðªº¥|¨Ì»¡¡X¨Ìªk¤£¨Ì¤H¡A¨Ì¤F¸q¸g¤£¨Ì¤£¤F¸q¸g¡A¨Ì¸q¤£¨Ì
»y¡A¨Ì´¼¤£¨ÌÃÑ¡X¬O¦ò±Ð¸Ñ¸g¾Çªº°ò¥»­ì«h¡C¡]Lopez,  1988: 11-27¡^
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¡@¡@Lamotte ³o½g½×¤å¨ì¤F 1984 ¦~¤@³õÃö©ó¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çªº°Q½×·|¦A
«×¨ü¨ìª`·N¡CDonald S. Lopez, Jr.¦b¤@½g³ø¾É¸Ó¬ã°Q·|ªº¤å³¹¤¤«ü
¥X¡A¬ÛÀ³©ó¸àÄÀ¾Ç«ä¼é¤§¿³°_¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¥²­n­«·s¬Ù¹î¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çªº¶Ç
²Î¡C»PµS¤Ó±Ðªº¶ð¤ì¼w¡]Tamudic¡^ÄÀ¸g¶Ç²Î»P°ò·þ±ÐªºÄÀ¸g¾Ç¤ñ¸û¡A
ªø´Á¥H¨Ó¦ò±Ð¦U¾Ç¬£¤]µo®i¥X¦U¦Û¿W¯Sªº¸àÄÀ¨t²Î¡X¡u§P±Ð¡v¡A¸Õ¹Ï
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·|©Ò±´°Qªº¥D­n°ÝÃD¡C¡]Lopez, 1987¡^
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ÄÀ¾ÇÀ³¸Ó¶i¤@¨B¤Ï¬Ù¤U¦C½Ñ°ÝÃD¡G²Ä¤@¡A¤°»ò¬O¦ò±Ð­õ¾Çªº²z¸Ñ²z½×
¡]theory of understanding¡^¡HAlan Sponberg «ü¥X¡A¦ò±Ðªº²z¸Ñ²z½×
»P¸Ñ²æ½×®§®§¬ÛÃö¡A¦]¬°¦ò±Ð¤§²z¸Ñ¬¡° µL¤£¥H¥h°£µê¦k¡BÃÒ®©¸Ñ²æ
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¡@¡@²Ä¤G¡A²{¥N¡]¦è¤è¡^¾ÇªÌ¬ã¨s¦ò¾Ç¸g±`­±Á{¡uÂù­«¶ZÂ÷¡vªº³B¹Ò
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¦¨¨£¡v©Î¡u«e²z¸Ñ¡v¡]pre-understanding¡^¡C³o«K¬OªÀ·|¾Ç®a©uµn´µ
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¡uÂù­«¯ßµ¸¡v¡]double contexts¡^©Î¡uµø°ì¡v¡C¡]Lopez, 1987: 81-83¡^

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¤F¸Ñ¨ì¦¹¡u´¦Åã¡v¤~¦X¥G¯u¥¿ªº¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çºë¯«¡C¡]Lopez, 1988: 9-10¡^


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¡@¡@¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sªº¤èªk½×¦Û¬Ù²×©ó¦¨§Î©ó Lopez ©Ò½sªº¡mÊÍÂæòªû
ªÌ¡G´Þ¥Á¥D¸q¤Uªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡n½×¶°¡C¡]Lopez,  1995¡^ ³o¥»½×¶°°Q½×¤F
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¿è¡v¡]logic of representation¡^ªº¤Ï¬ÙÅãµM¬O¨Ó¦ÛÂÄ¥ì¼w¡]Edward
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¥¼¯à¬Ù¹î¨ì¼çÂ꺮æ¸q¾÷¨î¡C¡]Tuck, 1990: 9-10¡^¥HÀs¾ð¤¤Æ[­õ¾Çªº¸à
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¾ÇªÌ¦pPaul Deussen, Max Myllerªº¼vÅT¡A¬ã¨s¤¤Æ[ªº¾ÇªÌ¦pStcherbatsky
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¡u¥Í¬¡§Î¦¡¡v¡B¡u¨p¤H»y¨¥¡vµ¥Ãã·J¨Ó³B²z¤¤Æ[­õ¾Ç¡A¨Ò¦pChris
Gudmeusen§YµÛ¦³¡mºû®Ú´µ©Z»P¦ò±Ð¡n¡]1977¡^¡A¦ÓRobert Thurman¡B
Nathan Katz¡BFrederik Streng¡A¤@ª½¨ì³ÌªñªºC. W. Huntingtonªº
¡mThe Emptiness of Emptiness ¡n¡]1989¡^ ³£¥iÂk©ó¦¹Ãþ¡]µù¤»¡^¡C
¡@¡@±q¥H¤W¦è¤è¾Ç¬É¹ïÀs¾ð¤¤Æ[¾Çªº®æ¸q¤T¶¥¬qªº¦Ò¹î¤¤¡A¶ð§J©óµ²
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»{¦P¡C³o¶µ¬ã¨s¦¨ªGÁö¤£¦P©óLopez ªº´Þ¥Á½×­z¡A«o©¼¦¹¦LÃÒ¡A¬Û¤¬
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Wittgenstain¡BEliot¡B Quine¡BRorty¡BKuhn¡BGadamer¡BGeertz»P
Foucaultµ¥¤H¡Xªº²£ª«¡C¡]Tuck, 1990: 98¡^ÁöµM¥L¶È±q¨Æ©Ò¿×¡u¸ó
¤å¤Æ¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡v¡]cross-cultural hermeneutic¡^ªº¤u§@¡A¤£¯A¤Î«á/
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      ¥D¸qªº¸àÄÀ¡A¥HStcherbatsky»PMurti¬°¥Nªí¡A¡]3¡^»y¨¥­õ¾Çªº
      ¸àÄÀ¡A¥HRobinsonµ¥¤H¬°¥Nªí¡C¨£Huntington, 1989: 25-32¡C


­¶10


²z¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¬O¦ò¹p¡]Bernard Faure¡^¡C¥L¦b90¦~¥N³sÄò¥Xª©¤T¥»¦³ÃöÁI
¾ÇªºµÛ§@¡A¤Þ°_¾Ç¬É¤£¤pªº°jÅT¡C¥L¦b¡mÁIªº¬}¨£»P¤£¨£¡XÁI©v¶Ç²Î
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¦ó³Qºc¦¨¬°¤@ªù¾Ç³N»â°ì¡A´£¥X³Å¬_¥Îªkªºª¾ÃѽפÀªR¡C¦ò¹p«ü¥X¡A
¥ô¦ó¤èªk¡A¥]¬A¥v¾Ç¤èªk¡A³£¦³¨ä·NÃÑ«¬ºAªº²[¸q¡C§Y¦¹¦Ó¨¥¡A¥L¦P
·NÂÄ¥ì¼w¡]Said¡^¦b¡mªF¤è¥D¸q¡n¸Ì¹ï©óªF¤è¾Ç»P«Ò°ê¥D¸q¡B¥Á±Ú¤¤
¤ß¥D¸qªº¤ÀªR¶i¸ôªí¥ÜÆg¦P¡AÁöµM¥L¨Ã¤£»{¬°©Ò¿×¡u«áªF¤è¥D¸qªÌ¡v
¯à°÷§¹¥þÂ\²æ¥L­Ì©Ò§å§Pªº§x¹Ò¡C¹ï¦ò¹p¨Ó»¡¡A¥L¤ð¹ç¤ñ¸û±µªñ³Å¬_
ªº¥ßÔ·¡AÅý¨º¨Ç¦b¶Ç²Î©Î²{¥N½×­z¤¤³Q®ø­µªº¡u²§Ãþ¡v©Î¡u¦h­µ¡v­«
·s¯B²{¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦ò¹p¨è·N±Ä¨ú¦æ¨Æªº¡]performative¡^¡B¤è«Kªº­×Ãã
µ¦²¤¡A²V¥Î¦hºØ½×­zµ¦²¤»P»y¨¥¡]µ²ºc¥D¸q¡B¸Ñºc¥D¸q¡B¤HÃþ¾Ç¡B¸à
ÄÀ¾Çµ¥¡^¡A­«·s»PÁI¾Ç¬Û¿EÀú¡C¥L¦ü¥G¤S¦^ÀY¾Ö©ê¡uªF¤è¥D¸q¡v¡A¨Ã
¤Þ­z¤Ú¬\©w¡]Milchail Bakhtin¡^»¡¡A¥~¦bÆ[ÂI¬O¤F¸Ñ¨ä¥¦¤å¤Æ¤£¥i
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    ¦ò¹pªº½×½Õ¤@¥X¡A·íµM¤Þ°_½Ñ¦h¤ÏÅT¡C¦³¤H§Y»{¬°¥L¶È±q¨Æ¡uÃh
ºÃªº¸àÄÀ¡v¦Ó¤£À´±o¡u¦P±¡ªº¸àÄÀ¡v¡]hermeneutic of reappropriation¡^¡C
¡]O'Leary: 522¡^µL½×¦p¦ó¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¤Fªñ®É´Á¦è¤è¾Ç¬É¦b¤èªk¤Ï¬Ù»P
¾Þ§@¤WªºÅܤƭy¸ñ¡C³oºØ±¡ªp§ó²M·¡¦a¤Ï¬M©ó¡m°ê»Ú¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¾Ç·|¾Ç
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¡@¡@±q¸Ó´Á±M¥Zªº´X½g¤å³¹¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡A¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªkªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¤w¬O¤£
¥i°fÂ઺ÁͶաC°ÝÃD¬O¡A¦b¤éÁͦh¤¸¤Æªº¦UºØ¤èªk¤§¶¡¬O§_¦³¥»¥½¥ý
«á¤§¤À¡H§í©Î¥ô¥O¦ ®aª§»ï¡A¤£¤À°a¸þ¡H¦è¤èªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sµo®i¦Ü¤µ¡A
ÀHµÛ¤å¤Æ±¡¹ÒªºÅܤơA¨Ï±o½×­z«¬ºA¤£¯à¤£ÀH¤§¦Ó§ï¡C­º·í¨ä½Äªº¬O
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ªº¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¡A»{¬°¸g¥Ñª©¥»®Õ°É»P°Vµþ¦ÒÄÀ«K¨¬¥HÀò±o¤å¥»ªº«ÈÆ[·N
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»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Ç°V½m¬°°ò¦¤u¤Ò¦Ó¨¥¡A¥i¥H»¡¬OµL¤H«ù¦³²§Ä³¡C°ÝÃD¦b©ó
¡A°Vµþ©ú«h¸q²z¥²©ú¶Ü¡H¦p«e©Ò­z¡A¨Ó¦Û¸àÄÀ¾Çªº¬D¾Ô«ü¥X¡A¥Ñ©ó¤H
ªº²z¸Ñ¬¡° ¨ü¨ì¨ä¡u«e²z¸Ñ¡v¡]pre-  understanding¡^ªº¼vÅT¡A¤Hªº
²z¸Ñ¬¡° ¬O¦b©Ò¿×ªº¡u¸àÄÀ´`Àô¡v¡]hermeneutic  circle¡^¤¤¶i¦æ¡A
¥ô¦ó«ÅºÙ¥i¥H¤£¨ü¥DÆ[¦]¯À¼vÅTªº«ÈÆ[¬ã¨s¡A¨ä¹ê¤£¹L¬Oµê¤Ûªº«H©À
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¡@¡@­±¹ï³oºØ¬D¾Ô»P½èºÃ¡Aºû¤]¯Ç¾Ç¬£ªº´£°Ç°Ò¡]Tom J. F. Tillemans¡^
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¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¡u¹Gªñ¡v¥¦¡C´£°Ç°Ò§ó²`¤£¥H¬°µMªº¬O®É¤U¥H¡u¸Ñºc¡v¬°¦W
ªº·¥ºÝ¬Û¹ï¥D¸q»P¥DÆ[¥D¸q¤§­·¡C¡]Tillemans, 1995: 269-277¡^

¡@¡@´£°Ç°Ò¥X¨­ªººû¤]¯Ç¾Ç¬£¦Ü¤µ¤´«O¦³ÄY®æªº¤åÄm¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç¾Ç


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­·¡Aµ·²@¤£¨ü¨ì¥_¬ü¦ò±Ð¾Ç¬É¡u«á²{¥NÂà¦V¡vªº¼vÅT¡C¦Ó¦b­^°ê¥H¬ã
¨s¦p¨ÓÂëä·QµÛ¦Wªº¾|®J®æ ¡]D.  Seyfort Ruegg¡^ ¦b½Í½×¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s»P
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ªº­«ÂI¡A¦Ó±ý±´°Q¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç«h¥²¶·¥ý²Ï¦n»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Çªº°ò¦¡C´N¤èªk
»P¶i¸ô¨Ó»¡¡A¾|®J®æ¥D±i¡u¤J¥G¨ä¤¤¡v¡]emic¡^¶i¸ôÀ³¸ÓÀu¥ý©ó¡u¥X
¥G¨ä¥~¡v¡]etic¡^¶i¸ô¡C©Ò¿×¡u¤J¥G¨ä¤¤¡v¶i¸ô¬O»¡¡A¬ã¨sªÌÀ³¸Ó¥ý
§Ë²M·¡¬Y¤@¤å¤Æªº½dÃ¥»P¦W¬Û¦p¦ó¦bµ²ºc»P¨t²Î¤W¬Û¤¬Ãö³s¡AµM«á¶i
¤J¸Ó¶Ç²Îªº¤å¤Æ¯ßµ¸»P«ä·Qµø³¥¡A¾¨¥i¯à¨Ï¥Î¸Ó¶Ç²Î¥»¨­ªº«ä·Q»P¤å
¤Æ½dÃ¥¨Ó¤F¸Ñ¡C¥L»{¬°³o¤£¥u¬O¤@ºØ¡u¦P±¡ªº¤F¸Ñ¡v¦Ó¤w¡A¤]¬O¤@ºØ
¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk¡C°ß¦³¦b¡u¤J¥G¨ä¤¤¡v¤§«á¡A¾|®J®æ±j½Õ¡A¤~¯à¡u¥X¥G¨ä
¥~¡v¡A¥H¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û»Pºî¦X¡C¡]Ruegg, 1995: 157¡^

¡@¡@­±¹ï·í¤µ¡]¯S§O¬O«ü¥_¬ü¡^¦h¤¸ªº¡u¥X¥G¨ä¥~¡vªº½×­z¡A¾|®J®æ
«hÅã±o¸û¬°§Ù·V¡A»{¬°µS¦p¥j¨å·s«µ¡AÃø±o¶®¥¿¡C¤×¨ä¦b­±¹ï¨Ó¦Û¸à
ÄÀ¾Çªº½èÃø¡X§^¤Hªº²z¸Ñ¦³¨ä¾ú¥v© ¡]historicity¡^¡A¬G¤£¥i¯àª½±´
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¡u¸àÄÀ¾Çªº´`Àô¡v¡A¦Ó±o¥H¡u¸Ñ¬Æ²`±K·N¡v¡C¡]Ruegg,        1995:
160-161¡^¥L¬Û«Hª©¥»®Õ°É¡B¦W¬Û¸ÑªR¡B­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¬O¬ã¨s¦ò±Ð­õ¾Çªº¤T
³¡¦±¡C¡]Ruegg, 1995: 163- 169¡^³Ì«áªº­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¶¥¬q¡A¾|®J®æ»{¬°
¦ò±Ð´M¨D¤F¸q¡]nitartha¡^ªº¤èªk¡X´¦Åã¡u¥¼¤F¸q¡v¡]neyartha¡^ªº
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¾Çªº³Ì¨Î¨å½d¡C»P¼Ú¬w«O¦uªº¾Ç­·¬Û¤ñ¡A¨â¦ì¬ü°ê¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¡ALuis O.
Gomez »P


­¶13


Jose Ignacio Cabezon«h¾Ö©ê¤èªk¤Wªº¦h¤¸¥D¸q¡A©IÆ~´­±ó©t¥ß¥D¸q
ªº¶H¤ú¶ð¡A¦^¨ì§ó¼e¼sªº¤å¤Æ¯ßµ¸¡A©M¨ä¥¦½×­z»â°ì¶i¦æ¹ï¸Ü¡C¡]
Cabezon,   1995:  264¡^³o¤G¦ì¾ÇªÌ¥»¨­³£¬O³Ç¥Xªº»y¨¥¤åÄm¾ÇªÌ¡A
Gomez ³Ìªñ¨j¥Xª©±ë¥»»Pº~»y¡mµL¶q¹Ø¸g¡nªº­^Ķ¡A¦Ó Cabezon «hĶ
ª`§J¥DªN ¡]1385-1438¡^ ¡m¤jºõ­n®Ñ¡n¡C¹ï©ó¡u¯U¹iªº¡v³¹¥y°Vµþ¡A¥L
­Ì³£«O«ù¤Ï¬Ù§å§PªººA«×¡CGomez  »{¬°³¹¥y°Vµþ¦®¦b©ó±a»â§^¤H­«ªð
¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¡A­«¬B¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¤å¤Æ¥\¯à¡AÅý¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¬ã¨s
¿Ä¤J§^¤H¨ãÅ骺¥Í©R¤¤¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 195¡^Gomez  ªº½×ÂI¡AÅãµM
¬O±µªñ®öº©¥D¸qªº¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡CCabezon  ¤]¦P¼Ë¦a«ü³¯¶Ç²Î¤åÄm¾Ç¬ã¨sªº
°¢¹i¡A¬y©ó¹L«×±Mªù¡A¦¨¬°èÃÔH¤§¾Ç¡AµLªk»P¨ä¥¦»â°ì¶i¦æ¹ï¸Ü»P¤ñ
¸û¡C¥L©IÀ³  Paul Griffths¡A»{¬°¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¥²´Â¦V¸ó¬ì»Ú»P¸ó¤å¤Æªº
¬ã¨s»â°ì«e¶i¡C¡]Cabezon, 1995: 234¡^¡@¡@ Gomez »P Cabezon  ¤G
¦ì©M¥_¬ü¦a°Ïªº¤j¦h¼Æ¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¤@¼Ë¡A¤F¸Ñ¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªk»P¶i¸ô¥²µM
´Â¦h¼Ë¤Æªº¤è¦Vµo®i¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌªº¨¤¦â¤]¥²µMÀH¤§¦h¤¸¤Æ¡CGomez  «K
±N¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¨Ì¨ä¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¤À¬°¥|Ãþ¡G¡]¤@¡^³¹¥y°Vµþ¤§¾Ç¡A¡]¤G¡^ªü
¬s¹F¿i¤§¾Ç¡A¡]¤T¡^±Ð¸q¬ã¨s¡A¡]¥|¡^§P±Ð¦¡ªº¬ã¨s¡C¡]Gomez,
1995: 192-204¡^

¡@¡@Ãö©ó³¹¥y°Vµþ¦¡ªº¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¡AGomez  ª½«ü¨ä¤å¦r±R«ôªº¯S©Ê¡C»y
¨¥¾Ç¡]philology¡^¤§¥»¸q§Y·½¦Û¡u·R¡v¡]philia¡^¡u»y¨¥¡v¡] logos
¡^¡C¦¹»y¨¥¤§·R¨Ó¦Û¡u¯u²z¦í©ó¨¥»y¤§¤¤¡vªº«H©À¡C»y¨¥¾Ç®a¬Û«H¡A
³z¹L¦r·½¾Ç¡]etymology¡^ªº¤ÀªR¡A¯u²z²×¥iÀò±o¡C»y¨¥¾Ç¬Û«H¡A¤@¥¹
ª©¥»°É©w¡A¦r¸q¸Ñ©ú¡A¤å¥»¤¤ªº¯u²z¦Û


­¶14

µMÅã²{¥X¨Ó¡CGomez«ü¥X¡A³oºØÆ[ÂI¨ä¹ê¬O¡u°ò·þ·s±Ð¸g¨å¤¤¤ß¯«¾Ç
ªº«¬¦¡¡A´Þ¥Á¥D¸qªÌªº¤å¤ÆÀu¶V·P¡A¥H¤Î²z© ªº»~¥Î¡v©Ò¦X¦¨ªº°ò¥»
±Ð¸q½×¡]fundamentalism¡^¡A¬Û«H¥u¦³¡u­ì©l¡v¤å¥»¤~¬O³Ì¬°Åv«Â¡A
¤~¬O¥»¸q©Ò¦b¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 193-194¡^

¡@¡@²{¥Nªü¬s¹F¿i¦¡ªº¬ã¨s¡A·½©óRosenberg¡BVassiliev»P Stcherbatsky¡A
±N¦ò¾Ç±q¨ãÅ骺¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¤¤©âÂ÷¥X¨Ó¡A«Øºc¦¨¬°¤@« ³¬¨t²Î¡C¶Ç²Î¦ò
¾Çªº±Ð¸q¬ã¨s³q±`¶È¬O­z¦Ó¤£§@¡A¾ÇªÌ¤]¶È¬O¼Ð¥»ªº·j¶°ªÌ¡CµM¦Ó¡A
Gomez «ü¥X¡A³Ð³y© ªº±Ð¸q¬ã¨s¡A¦p Paul Griffiths¡A¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A»PªQ
¥»¥v®Ô¡A§Q¥Îªü¬s¹F¿i§÷®Æ¨Ó¶i¦æÄY®æªº­õ¾Ç¤ÀªR¡A¤´¦³¨ä¤£¥i©¿µø
ªº»ù­È¡C³Ì«á¡A²{¥N¾ÇªÌ¦h¥bµLªk§K©ó§P±ÐÅÞ¿è¡A¤£½×¬O¥½ªk¦¡§P±Ð
©Î¤T®É§P±Ð¡C¥i¬O¡A¡u¥¨«¬±Ô¨Æ¡v¡]grand narrative¡^¦¡ªº§P±Ð¬O§_
·|À£§í¤F¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Îªº¡u¦h­µ¡v¡]multivocality¡^¯S© ¡HGomez ÅãµM¦³
¨ä¼~¼{¡C¥L¤Q¤À±j½Õ¤å¥»ªº¦h­µ© ¨Ó¦Û½t°_µêªÅªº¡u§@ªÌ¡v¡B¡uŪªÌ
¡v¡A¨Ó¦Û¦ò±Ð¥»¨­¡A¤]¨Ó¦Û¨ä©Ò¶Ç¤Jªº¦è¤è¤å¤Æ¡C¥¦¬OªÀ·|ªº¡B¤å¾Ç
ªº¡B»y¨¥ªº¡B¤ß²zªº²{¶H¡F¥¦¤º¦b©ó»y¨¥¤¤¡A¤º¦b©ó§^¤H¹ï¡u¥DÅé
¡v¡B¡u·N¦V© ¡v»P¡u§@ªÌ¡vªº±Ô¨Æ»P·Q¹³¤¤¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 210¡^
¡@¡@¥Ñ¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Îªº¦h­µ¯S©Ê¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¤]¦]¦ÓÀ³¸Ó§êºt¦h­«ªº¨¤¦â¡G
Å@ªÌ¡]curator¡^¡B¶Ç¿ÙªÌ¡]diviner¡^¡B±Ð¤h¡]priest¡^¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¡u
¤Ï±Ð¤h¡v¡]anti-priest¡^¡C¡]211-212¡^³Ì­«­nªº¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ°£¤F§U
¦¨¸Ó¾Çªùªº±`³W¤Æ¥H¥~¡AÁÙÀ³¹ï¦¹±`³W¤Æ´£¥X§å§Pªº¤Ï¬Ù¡C¥L»{¬°¡A
¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¦³³d¥ôµ¹·í¥N¤å¤Æ¡u¥tÃþªºÁn­µ¡v¡A¤]


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À³¸Ó¦b¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Î¤º«O¦s¡u¥tÃþªºÁn­µ¡v¡C¡u¤F¸Ñ¨ìÁn­µªº¤O¶q¡A§Ú­Ì
¥²¶·¤p¤ß¦a¤£¥h«Ø¥ß³æ¤@ªºÁn­µ¡v¡]216¡^¡C

¡@¡@¹ïCabezon¨Ó»¡¡A¦b¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªkªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¤w¬O¨Æ¹ê¡A¹ï
¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¨å½dªº§åµû¡]¤Ó¹L©ó­«µø¦L«×¦ò±Ð¤Î¨ä»y¨¥¡A©¿²¤¤F¤f¶Ç
¸ê®Æ¡B¤HÃþ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Ç¡B»ö¦¡¶Ç²Î¡A¾ú¥v¤åÄm¾Ç±¾«Ó¡Kµ¥¡^¤]¤w«D·s
ÂA¨Æ¡C°ÝÃD¬O¦¹ªi³Ìªñªº¤èªk½×¦h¤¸¤Æ¬O§_¶È¦p»´Á¡ªº«á²{¥N­·¼é¡A
²×Âk¾èªá¤@²{¡H¡]Cabezon, 1995: 232-235¡^Cabezon  ­n§i¶D§Ú­Ìªº
¬O¡A¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sªº¥¼¨Ó¦ü¥G¤£¦A¬O¨å½d¤§¶¡ªº½ü´À¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó±N¬O®t²§¨Ã
¦sªº±¡ªp¡C¦p¦P Gomez ©IÆ~¡u«O¦s¦h­µ¡v¡ACabezon «h¤O¥D¡u¾Ö©ê²§
Ãþ¡v¡]embracing heterogeneity¡^¡C¡]Ibid., p. 240¡^

¡@¡@¾Ö©ê¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¤èªk»P¶i¸ô¡A¨Ã«D·N¿×µÛ¶È¬O¤@ºØ¦h¤¸¥D¸q¦¡ªº
¥]®e»P¶}©ñ¡A¦Ó¬O¦b¤èªk½×¤W§ó¥[­n¨D¡u§å§Pªº¹ï¸Ü¡v»P¡u¹ï¸Üªº§å
§P¡v¡C¤èªk½×¤Wªºª§ÅG¦¨¬°µLªk°jÁתºÄ³ÃD¡C¤èªk½×¤£³æ¬Oª¾Ãѽתº
°ÝÃD¦Ó¤w¡A¥¦¯A¤Î¾Ç³NÅé¨î¡BÅv¤O¡B·NÃÑ«¬ºAµ¥¦]¯À¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç³£¦]®É
¦]¦a¦Ó¤£¦P¡C¥H¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¬°¨Ò¡A¦b¤£¦Pªº¾÷ºc¡A¨Ò¦p¬ü°ê©v±Ð¾Ç·|¡]
AAR¡^©Î¨È¬w¾Ç·|¡]AAS¡^¡A©v±Ð¨t©ÎªF¨È¨t¡A¶i¦æ¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡A«K·|¦³
¤£¦P¤èªkªº¦Ò¶q¡C¤Éµ¥¡B¥Xª©¡B²×¥Í¾¤]¬OÅé¨î¤W­«­nªº³W½d¦]¯À¡A
¦Ó³o¨Ç³£»PÅv¤O¡B·NÃÑ«¬ºA®§®§¬ÛÃö¡C¡]Ibid., pp. 254-255¡^

¡@¡@·íµM¡A§ó­«­nªº¬O¨Cªù¾Ç¬ì³£¥²¶·¦Û°Ý¨ä»ù­È¦ó¦b¡H³o«K»P¸Ó¾Ç
ªù©Ò³Bªºªº¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¦³Ãö¡C¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¤]¦]®É¦]¦a¦Ó¤£¦P¡A¦ò±Ð½×­z·í
µM¤]´NÀ³¸ÓÀH¤§¦ÓÅÜ¡C¤èªk½×¤Wªº¡u®t²§¡v¡AµLªk


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³°¡B½×­zªº¤¶¤J

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¤Ï¬Ù»P½×ÅG¡A¨ä¤è¦V¤j©è¬O¥Ñ¤åÄm¾Ç¥D¬y´Â¦h¤¸¤Æ¦Óµo®i¡C©Î³\¦³¤H
·|¾á¼~³oµo®i¤è¦V¬O§_·|³y¦¨¥»¥½­Ë¸m¡A­«¤èªk¶i¸ô¦Ó»´¹ê½è¤º®eªº
²LÁ¡¾Ç­·¡H¦pªG§Ú­Ì¯à°÷²Î­p©MÂkÃþ¦³Ãö¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªº¦¨ªG¡]±MµÛ¡B½×
¤å¡BĶª`¡Aµ¥µ¥¡^¡A¥²·|µo²{¤åÄm¾Ç¬ã¨s¤´¦û¦h¼Æ¡A¦Ó¦h¤¸½×­z¥u¬O
¬Û¹ï¦a¦¨ªø¡C­È±oÃö¤Áªº¬O¦¹½×­z¦h¤¸¤Æ¤§²{¶Hªº·N¸q¡C¦p«e©Ò­z¡A
°ÝÃD¤£¦b©ó¬ã¨s¨å½dªºÂಾ¡C¦Ó¥B¡A¤èªk½×ÅG¤]¤£¶È°±¯d©ó²z½×¼h¦¸
¡A³\¦h¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sªº·s¿³½×­z§Y¬O»P¤èªk½×¤Ï«ä¦P®É¶i¦æ¡C©³¤U§Y²¤¬°
¤¶²Ð´XºØ·s¿³ªº¦ò¾Ç½×­z¡A¦p© §O»P¤k© ¥D¸q¡A«á / ´Þ¥Á½×­z¡A¤ñ±Ð
©v±Ð­õ¾Ç¡A«D®Ñ¼g© ¤åÄm¬ã¨s¡A¦ò±Ð»P¬Fªv... µ¥¡C

¡@¡@¡E©Ê§O»P¤k© ¥D¸q¡G¦b¤k© ¥D¸q»P© §O¬ã¨s¦¨¬°¾Ç³N¥D¬y¤§«á¡A
¦ò±Ð¾Ç»â°ì¥ç¦³¨ä¤ÏÅT¡A¨ä¤¤¸û¨üÆf¥Øªº¦³Rita M. Gross ¡]1993¡^¡A
Jose Ignacio Cabezon ¡]1992¡^¡AAnne Carolyn Klein ¡]1995¡^¡AMiranda
Shaw ¡]1994¡^¡C

¡@¡@¡E«á/´Þ¥Á½×­z¡G°£¤F¤W­z Lopez»PFaure¤G®Ñ¥H¥~¡A¦¹»â°ì¥i¹w
¨£±N¦³«áÄòªºµo®i¡C¡]Fred R. Dallmayr³Ìªñ½s¦³Beyond Orientalism¡A±¤¥¼¨£¡^

¡@¡@¡E¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Ç¡G§Ú­Ì¥HFrank E. Reynolds »PDavid Tracy


17­¶


¥D½s¡u¾É¦V¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Ç¡v¨t¦C¤¤ Paul Griffiths ¡]1994¡^ »P Jose
Cabezon  ¡]1994¡^  ªº¨â¥»¬ã¨s¬°¨Ò¨Ó¬Ý¡A ¥L­Ì¤À§O¾Ü©w¡u±Ð¸q¡v¡]
doctrine ¡^»P¡u¸g°|¥D¸q¡v¡] scholasticism ¡^§@¬°¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Ç
ªº½dÃ¥¡A¨Ã¥H¦òªû½×»PÂöǮæ¾|¬£¬°¨Ò¡A±N¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç´£¨ì¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ
¾ÇªºÂi­±¨Ó¡AÅãµM¬O¥L­Ì­n¨D¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡u¨«¥X¦ò¾Ç°é¡vªº¨ãÅé¹ê½î¡C
¥t¥~¡A Malcolm David Eckel ¡]1992¡^ «h¥H²M¿ë¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬°§÷®Æ»P½d³ò
¡AÂǥѥȮN¡m¦è°ì°O¡nªº±Ô¨Æ»P¶H¼x¡A­««Ø²M¿ë¤¤Æ[¾Ç¦bÅÞ¿è«ä¿ë¨t
²Î©³¤Uªº©v±Ð¸gÅç¡A±N²z½×»P¯««ä¡A²z½×»P¹ê½î¡A­õ¾Ç»P©v±Ð¡A·§©À
»PÁô³ë¡Aºë­^»P³q«U¤§¶¡ªº¤º¦bÃöÁp¦b²Ó½oªº¤ÀªR¤UªíÅã¥X¨Ó¡C
Eckel ¦¹®Ñ¥i¥H»¡¬O¦ò±Ð©v±Ð­õ¾Ç³Ì´I³Ð³y© ¤§§@¡C¡]ªLÂí°ê¡A1997¡^
¦Ü©ó¥H¸Ñºc¥D¸q¡B²{¶H¾Ç¡B»y¨¥¤ÀªRµ¥¶i¸ô¨Ó³B²z¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç¡A¥ç©Ò¦b
¦h¦³¡C

¡@¡@¡E«D®Ñ¼g©Ê¤åÄm¬ã¨s¡G¥Ñ©ó¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤@¦V¥H®Ñ¼g¤å¥»¤Î¨ä¤Î±Ð¸q
¬°¹ï¶H¡Aªø´Á©¿²¤¦Ü¤µµS¦sªº¤f¶Ç¶Ç²Î»P¥Á«U¦ò±Ð¡C³o¤@¤è­±ªº¬ã¨s
¤ñ¸û°¾¦V©óªF«n¨È»P¦èÂáB¥§ªyº¸¦a°Ï¡A ¦p Anne C. Klein ¡]1994¡^
¡A Stan  Mumford  ¡]1989¡^¡A S.  T.  Tambiah  ¡]1984¡^¡A Richard
Gambrich  and Gananath Obeyesekere  ¡]1988¡^¡A George D.  Bond
¡]1988¡^¡C

¡@¡@¡E¦ò±Ð»P¬Fªv¡G³o¦Ñ°ÝÃD¥Ã»·¤£·|¹L®É¡A¨£Sherry B. Ortner
¡]1989¡^¡A Christopher Queen and Sally King ¡]1996¡^¡C¦bªF¨È¦ò±Ð
¤è­±¡A¥Ñ©ó¨ü¨ì¡u®ü¼w®æ®×¡vªº¼vÅT¡A¤é¥»¦ò±Ð»P¨ ³£¾Ç¬£¦b¾Ô®É»P
­x°ê¥D¸qªºÃö«Y¡A¥Ø«e¥ç¦¨¬°±´°QµJÂI¡C¦¹¨£©ó

18­¶

James W. Heisig and John C. Maraldo ¡]1994¡^¡C

    ±q¥H¤W²Ê²¤ªº±½ºË¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¡A³\¦h¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¥H¨ä¬ã¨s§@¬°¤¶¤J¹ê
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¡@¡@¤ÏÆ[ªF¨È¦ò±Ð¦a°Ï¡A¤é¥»¦Û©úªvºû·s®É´Á¡A«n±ø¤å¶¯¡]1849-1927¡^
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      ÂŦN´Iªº²Î­p¡A¬ù¦³¤@¦Ê¤»¤Q¤H¥ª¥k¡C ¨£ÂŦN´I¡A1993:3,15¡C

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­z«¬ºAªº¡u§åµû¡v¡] criticism ¡^¡A ¶i¦Ó»P¨ä¥L¾Ç°ì¹ï½Í¡C§Y¦¹¦Ó
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¨s¤TÃþ¡C³oºØ¤ÀÃþ¬J¤£¦P©ó¤é¥»±N¦L«×¾Ç¦ò±Ð¾Çµø¬°¤@¿W¥ß¾Çªù¡A¤]
¤£¦P©ó¥_¬ü¦a°Ï±N¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¸m©ó©v±Ð¬ã¨s©Î°Ï°ì¬ã¨s»â°ì¤¤¡A¦Ó¦³¨ä
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ªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s·s¶¥¬q¡C


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  ¡]NSC 84-2411-H-004-006¡^¦¨ªG¤§³¡¤À¡·


¡i°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¡j

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1993  ¡q¤é¥»ªº¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªº·sµo®i¡r¡A¡m¿ÍÆ[¡n72¡C

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