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¡iµù¤G¡j¡GBlyth-Hill, Victoria, "The Conservation of Thankas"in Pal,Pratapaditya, ed., On the Path to Void:Buddhist Art of the Tibetan Realm(Bombay:MargPublications,1996),p.272.
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µ§Ã¸ð¥dªº½è§÷¬O¡uÅÖºû´«~¡B¥Õ¯»¡B½¦¤ô¡v¤TªÌ¦X¤@ªº©³¥¬¡CÅÖºû´«~¥Dn¬O´Ö©Î³Â¥¬¡A¸h¯È¬J¤Ö¡A³q±`¤]¦h»Pº~¦a¡u¤¤°ê³â¹À±Ð¡v¦³Ãö¡A¦Ó«D¦èÂÃ¥»¤g²ß©Ê¡C¥Õ¯»¥Dn¬O¥Û¦Ç¡£lime¡¤¡B¥Õ°î¡£Chalk¡¤¡C½¦¦³°Êª«¤û¥Ö½¦©Î´Óª«¤â´x°Ñ¡£dbang po lag pa¡¤¡C³o¼Ëªº©³¥¬»sµ{¤]¤jP¤@¯ß¬Û¶Ç¡A¦Û¦è¤¸¤K¥@¬ö¥H¨Ó¡Aªuŧ¦Ü¤µ¥¼ÅÜ¡C¡iµù¤¡j©³¥¬¥Õ¯»µL½×¬O¥Û¦Ç©Î¥Õ°î¡A¨ä
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¡iµù¤T¡j¡G¸¯°û³¹¡A¡q¦èÂÃð¥dªº©v±Ð¥»Ãh¡r,¡m±K±ÐÃÀ³N¡G°ê»Ú¾Ç³N¬ã°Q·|½×¤å¶°(¤G)¡n(¥x¥_
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¡iµù¥|¡j¡G¥®Ô,¡qº©½Íð¥d¤Î¨ä«OÅ@¡r,¡m¦èÂìã¨s¡n¤@¤E¤K¤E¦~²Ä¤G´Á(©ÔÂÄ¡GªÀ¬ì°|),¤@¤@¤C
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¡iµù¤¡j¡GHuntington(A),"The Technique of TibetanPaintings" in Studies in Conservation,vol.15
(1970),p.129, 132; Ge,
Wanzhang, "Learning toPhankas" in Pal, Pratapaditya, ed.,On the Path to Void¡G Buddhist Art
of the TibetanRealm (Bombay:Marg Publications,1996),pp. 262-263 & fig . 3
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¡iµù¤E¡j¡GHuntington(A), p. 127.
¡iµù¤@O¡j¡GSchukina, Eugenia, "Preventive Conservation:A New Museum Philosophy"in The
Symposium onthe Conservation and Preservation of the CulturalCollections (Taipei:Council
for Cultural Planningand Development, Executive Yuan,R.O.C.,1995),pp . 5-6.
¡iµù¤@¤@¡j¡G¤ý¤¦µØ¡A¡£¥j¥Nµ·Â´ª«ªº«OÅ@¡¤¡Ain TheSymposium on the Conservation and
Preservationof the Cultural Collections, p. 7.
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¬ù¨ä¦P®É¡A¶P¤å³Õ¤h¡£Dr.J.A.van der Hoeven¡¤±N¤T¤Q¥|´Tð¥d°e©¹ªü©i´µ¯S¤¦¡£Amsterdam¡¤²üÄõ¤¤¥¡ÃÀ³N¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s¹êÅç«Ç¡£Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Artand Science¡¤¡A¥Ñ±ö¶P©Ôt³d×´_¨ä¤¤¥|´T¤Q¤»¦Ü¤Q¤K¥@¬öð¥d¡A¥L¤]¬Ý¨ì¦ÃÂI¡B¦Ç¹Ð¡Bªoº{»P·ÏÂt§Î¦¨¤@¼hÁ¡½¤¡A¨Ï±o¡uµe±ªºÃC®Æ»P²Ó¸`Åܱo¼Ò½k¤£²M¡C¡v¡iµù¤@¤T¡j¸q¤j§QÂþǮa§ù»ô¡£Giuseppe Tucci, 1894-1984¡¤¦Û¦èÂÃÄâ¦^ªº¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¤´Tð¥d¡A¤@¤E¤»¤G¦~¦¬¤Jù°¨°ê¥ßªF¤èÃÀ³N³Õª«À]¡£The Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale¡¤¡A¨ä¤¤¦~¥N³Ì¦ªº¬O¦è¤¸¤Q¥|¥@¬ö§@«~¡A¥Bµ´¤j¦h¼Æ©|«O¦³ì¨Ó¯Àº÷¡BÀA½v¡Bª÷µ·½v¸ËŨ§Î¦¡¡C¤@¤E¤K¤T¦~¶¡¡A¥Ñ©óÄw³Æ®i¥X¡A¨ä¤¤¸ËŨ¸û¬°´Ý¯}¦Ã·lªº¤K¤Q´T¡A³Q°e©¹¥±Ã¹Û´µ¡£Florence¡¤ªº¤ñ¸¦®c¯¼Â´«~«O¦s¹êÅç«Ç¡£The Textile ConservationLaboratory of Palazzo Pitti¡¤¡A¥ÑÁ§¶P¿A¥§¥i´µt³d²M¼ä¡B±j¤Æµ¥×´_¤uµ{¡CÁ§¤óÀ˵ø¤§«á¤]¦³¦P·P¡G
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¡iµù¤@¤G¡j¡GHuntington(A),p.128.
¡iµù¤@¤T¡j¡GMehra, Vishwa Raj, "Note on the Techniqueand Conservation of Some Thang-ka
aintings" in Studies in Conservation, vol.15,(1970),p.210.
¡@91
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2.¨ü¼é¤ôº{
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¡iµù¤@¤¡j¡GSchoenholzer-Nichols, P. 84.
¡iµù¤@¤»¡j¡GDel Re, Christine, "Preventive Care andBasic Conservation Techniques for
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¡uª«²z¤Æ¾Ç¡v¦]¯À¤¤°£Àã«×¥H¥~¡A¡u¥ú¤Æ¾Ç®ÄÀ³¡v¡£photochemical effect¡¤¤]·|¾ÉPµe±¯Ü¤Æ¡CªÅ®ð¤¤®ñ¡B¥ú¡B¤ô»]®ð¥æ¬Û§@¥Î¡A·|¨Ï´ª«®ñ¤ÆÅܽè¡iµù¤@¤K¡j¡F³·«Dº¸¦³¤G¤Q¤»¦~¤åª««O¦s¸gÅç¡A¾Ú¦oÆ[¹î¡Að¥d¦U²Õ¦¨³¡¦ì¤¤¡A¥H¦aÃ䤤¥¡ªº¡uð¥d¤§ªù¡v³Ì©ö¯Ü¤Æ¡C¡iµù¤@¤E¡j¤Q¤K¥@¬ö¥H¨Ó¡A¡uð¥d¤§ªù¡v³Q½á¤©¯S®í©v±Ð¹Ï¹³·N¸q¡iµù¤G0¡j¡A¬Æ¨ü¸ËŨ®v¤÷«µø¡A¬ÒºÉ¥i¯à¨ú¥Î¦W¶Qº~¦aÀA½v¡A¯S§O¬O¥Ñ²M¥N©x³Tµô¤ÁªºÂÂÀA¡A¦³¨ÇÀA½u¤¤´O¦³ª÷ºä¥]»q´Ö¯È½u±É¦¨ªº¡uª÷µ·½u¡v¡C¦Ñ¦ÓÅÖ®zªºÂÂÀA»Pª÷µ·ÀA¡A¤£³ôªø´Á¼ÉÅS¤j®ð¤¤¦Ó¤éº¥®ñ¤Æ¡B¯Ü¤Æ¡Cµe¥¬¤]¦³¯Ü¤Æ°ÝÃD¡Aµe¥¬¯Ü¤Æ¦ÛµM¤S¾ÉPÃC®Æ鸨¡C
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¡iµù¤@¤K¡j¡G¤ý¤¦µØ¡A²Ä¤K¶¡C
¡iµù¤@¤E¡j¡Gshaffel, 1986,p.101.
¡iµù¤G¤Q¡j¡G¸¯°û³¹¡A¤»¤»¢w¤K¤K¶¡C
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ÂöǦò¦x¶Ç²Î¡u®i¥Ü¡v¤è¦¡¡A©¹©¹³y¦¨ð¥dªº¡u¾÷±ñ©Ê¶Ë®`¡v¡Cð¥d¤@¦pº~¦a±¾¶bµe¡A¥H¤Ñ§ý¤W¤èªº±¾Ã·¬°¤ä¼µ¡A°ªÄa¾À¤W¡A¤@¸gÄa±¾¡A©¹©¹¸g¦~¥½¥[§ó´«¡A¦a¤ß¤Þ¤Oªø´Á§@¥Î¤U¡A¸ËŨªºÂ´ÀA»Pµe¤ß³Q©¼¦¹¥H¤Î¦a§ýªº«¶q©Ôºò¡A¤U¼Yªº©Ô¤O®ø»kð¥d¦~¡C¸ËŨ´ÀA»·¤ñµe¤ßªº¨È³Â©Î´Ö¥¬©³§ó¬°«p«¡B±Ó·P¡B¯Ü®z¡A¦]¦¹±¡ªp¤]¸û¬°ÄY«¡C¼Y¤O¥i¯à§èµõ¸g½n½u¡A¯S§O´ÀA¤W¤è»P¤ÑÁ_¦X¤§³B¡A¤D¦Ü©ó¾ã´Tð¥d¬Ò§á¦±ÅܧΡC¸ËŨ»Pµe¤ß±µ¦X³¡¦ìªºÁ_½u¡A¤]·|¥Ñ©ó©Ô¤O¦ÓºòÁ^¡A¤D¦Ü©ó§èµõ
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¡iµù¤G¤G¡j¡GPersonal communication with the author inDharamsala, India,1995.
96
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2.°ïºPÅ|©ñÀ£¤O
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ÂöǦò¦x¨S¦³¦è¤è¦¡¤åª««O¦sÆ[©À¡A¦¬±²©ÎÀx¦sð¥d®É¡A¥H¤âIJ¸I²@¤£¥H¬°·N¡C¸IIJ¹ï©óÂл\µe±ªº¾B¹÷¼h¶Ë®`³Ì¤j¡Fµ´¤j¦h¼Æªº¾B¹÷¬Ò¬°¤@¼hÁ¡µ·¡Aµ·¯¾µ}²¨¡Aªí±¤]¤£¥·Æ¡AÁa¨Ï³Ì»´·Lªº¤â«üIJ¤Î¡Aµ·±¬Ò¥i¯à°_¤ò©Î¾D¹_¶Ë¡A¤D¦Ü©ó´¯¾ÅܧΩμ¹µõ¡iµù¤G¤»¡j¡M³Ì«á¤£±o¤£´¦¤U³ø¼o¡Cµe±±`¸g¸IIJ¡AÃC®Æ¤]¦h¤Ö·|¿i·l鸨¡CÀã®ð¤ôº{¤w¨Ï½¦©Ê´î®z¡BÃC®Æ²æ¸¨¡A
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¡iµù¤G¤T¡j¡GSamten, Lama Acarya Ngawang, Manjusri:Anexhibition of Rare Thankas(Sarnath
Varanasi:Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies&Leh Laddakh: Central Institute of
BuddhistStudies, choglamsar[India],1986),Foreword.
¡iµù¤G¥|¡j¡G´N±Ð©ó¥_¨Ê¤¤°êÂþǤ¤¤ß¾ú¥v©v±Ð¬ã¨s©Ò©Òªø³¯¼y^¡A¤@¤E¤E¤C¡C
¡iµù¤G¤¡j¡GMehra,p.210;shaftel, 1986,p.102;Blyth-Hill,1996,pp.272-273.
97
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¡iµù¤G¤»¡j¡GSchirnholzer-Nichols,p.84.
¡iµù¤G¤C¡j¡G¶Â¤ôð¥d¨£Mikhail Piotrovsky,ed.,Lostempire of the silk Road;Buddhist Art fromKhara
Khoto, x-xlllth Century (ElectalThyssen-Bornemisza Foundation,1993¡¤¡A¤¤Ä¶¥»¨£°ê¥ß
¾ú¥v³Õª«À]½s¿è¡A³\¬v¥DĶ¡A¡mµ·¸ô¤W®ø¥¢ªº¤ý°ê¡G¦è®L¶Â¤ô«°ªº¦ò±ÐÃÀ³N¡n
¡£¤@¤E¤E¤»¡¤¡F§ù»ôð¥d×´_°O¿ý¨£Schoenholzer-Nichols,p.83.
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ð¥d¦bÂöǦò¦xªº«O¦s±¹¬I«D±`¦³¡C¦x°|¸û¬°ª`«ªº¬Oªk·|¤WÄa¥Xªº¥¨´Tð¥d¡A¥H¤Î¨ã¦³¯S®í·N¸qªºð¥d¡C¤@¯ëð¥dÄa±¾¥H«á¡A¤£·|¯S§O¸gºÞºûÅ@¡C¥HºûÅ@ªº°ò¥»¡u²M¼ä¡v¤u§@¦Ó¨¥¡A¦bÂöǦò¦x¤]¤@¦V¤£¨ü«µø¡G©Ô¹F§J«ÒÄÀ¦x¡£¤@´T¡uùº~µe¡v¡A¤é¿n¤ë²Öªº¦Ç¹Ð¡AÄY«¨ì¤w¸g§¹¥þ±»»\¤Fµe±ªºÃC®Æµ§¾¥¡A¦x¹¬¥²»Ý¥H¹Ð§À©ç©Ø¨}¤[¡A¤Hª«´º¶H¤è©l¯B¤s¡C¡iµù¤G¤E¡j
ÄY®æ¦Ó½×¡AÂöǦò¦xªº²M¼ä°£¹Ð¤è¦¡¶È¡uæáÓJÄѹκu¿iªk¡v¤@ºØ¡G¥HÀH¤â¥i±oªºÂäH¥D¹æáÓJ½Õ¤ô¡A¯I¦¨¥b°®¬X³nªºÄѹΡA¥H¤â´¤¤§¡A¦bµe±¤W»´»´¨Ó¦^ºu°Ê¡C©Î¥HæáÓJ¬°¾ó¥Ö¡AÀ¿«øµe±¡C¸g¦¹³B²z«á¡A¦â±¦Ç¹Ð³QæáÓJÄѹÎÂH°_±a¨«¡A즳¦â±m«K¯à²M´·¯B¥X¡C¡iµù¤T0¡j
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¡iµù¤G¤K¡j¡GSingetr, Jane caseym "Taklung Painting"inJane Casey Singer&philip Denwook,
eds.,tibetan Art:Towards a Definition of Style(London; Laurence King,1997),p.67; ¦w¦°¡A
¡£¦èÂþÀµe«æ»Ý¦³®Ä±¹¬I«OÅ@¡¤¡A¡m¬ü³N¡n Á`²Ä¤@¤»0´Á¡A¤@¤E¤K¤@¦~¡A¤¤@¢w¤
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¡iµù¤G¤E¡j¡GPersonal onservation by the author atThlikse Gompa(Monastery)of Ladakh, India,1991.
¡iµù¤T¤Q¡j¡GPersonal observation by the author inDharamsala, India, 1991.
100
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ÂöǦò¦xð¥d©Ò¥H¤í¯Ê«O¦s¡AÃöÁä¨ÌµM¦b©ó©v±Ð¥»Ãh¡C´Nµe¦Ó¨¥¡Aµe¤¤¦ò¹³¤@¸g¶}¥ú¡Bµe¥¬I±®Ñ¼g¨¤f·N¯u¨¥¤§«á¡A¦¹¤@ð¥d´N¨ã¦³Á`«ù¤@¤Áªºªk¤O¡A¤£¥i¥ô·NÅÜ°Ê¡C¹ï©ó«H²³¦Ó¨¥¡A¥¦¤S¤@¦p¡u¨F»s¾Â«°¡v¡A¬O¤@ºØ¡u¦¨¦íÃaªÅ¡vצæÆ[ªk¡£¹Ïª©¤Q¡¤¡G½Ñªk¥»¨ÓµL±`¡AÃaªÅ¬O¦ÛµM²{¶H¡A¦]¦¹Å¥¥ôºØºØª«²z¤Æ¾Ç©Êªº¡B¥Íª«©Êªº¡B¾÷±ñ©ÊªºÅܤƵo¥Í¡C¡uæáÓJÄѹκu¿iªk¡v¶È¹ï©ó·sð¥d¡u¼í¹¢¦â±¡v¥H¤Î¥jÂÂð¥d¡u²M°£¿n«¯¡v¦³®Ä¡A«oµLªk³B²z§ó¬°ÄY«ªºªo«¯´³ÂI¡B¨ü¼é¤ôº{¡B¾`´³¡B¯Ü¤Æµ¥°ÝÃD¡C¡u°w½uÁ_¦çªk¡v¶È¥iºÙ¤§¬°¡u׸ɡv¡£repair¡¤¦Ó«D²{¥NÆ[©Àªº¡u×´_¡v¡£restoration¡¤§ó½Í¤£¤W¡u«O¦s¡v¡£conservation ¡¤¤@¯ë¶È¥H«ùÄò¤£Â_»s§@·sð¥d¨ú¥NÂÂð¥d¡A¦Ó´ÝÂÂð¥d³Ì±`¨£ªº³B²z¤è¦¡¡A´N¬O¦¨®¹°ï¿nÀx¦s°_¨Ó¡C
¤¡B¦è¤è«O¦sð¥dÆ[©Àªººt¶i
«O¦s¥¢·í²{¶H¤£¶Èµo¥Í¦b¦èÂáB¥§ªyº¸¡B¤£¤¦»P¦L«×©Ô¹F§Jµ¥Àô³ß°¨©Ô¶®¤s°ÏªºÂöǦò¦x¡B«H®{®a¤¤¦ò°ó»P¦ò±Ð³Õª«À]¡iµù¤T¥|¡j¡F¤@¤E¤C0¦~¥H«e¬y´²¨ì¦è¤èªºð¥d¤]¦³¦P¼Ë±¡§Î¡C
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¡iµù¤T¤@¡j¡GPersonal observation by the author inmonasteries,Bhutan,1988.
¡iµù¤T¤G¡j¡GBlyth-Hill,1996,p273.
¡iµù¤T¤T¡j¡GHuntington(B),"the Iconograghy and Structrueof the Mountings of Tibetan
Paintings"inSutdies in Conservation, vol.15(1970),p.195.
¡iµù¤T¥|¡j¡G¦ò±Ð³Õª«À]«ü¦L«×·s¼w¨½¦èÂ䧫Ρ£tibet House¡¤©Ô¹F§J¦ò¦xªþÄݳժ«À]
¡£Likir MonastetryMuseum¡¤¡B¿üª÷ÂþǬã¨s©Ò³Õª«À]¡£the SikklimResearch
Institute of Tibetology¡¤ ¡B¤£¤¦º©²¤Ú¬¥³Õª«À]¡£Paro Museum¡¤
杭CPersonalobservation by the author in India, 1991; inBhutan, 1988.
101
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¡iµù¤T¤¡j¡GBlyth-Hill, 1996,p.274.
¡iµù¤T¤»¡j¡Gshaftel,"Conservation Treatment of tibetanThangkas"in Journal of the American
Institutefor Conservation,vo1.30,no.1(1991),pp.4.5.
¡iµù¤T¤C¡j¡G°¨§J´µ¦h©`º¸¡£Max Doerner, 1870-1939¡¤µÛ¡A·¨ÂE®Ë¡B·¨¬õ¤ÓĶ¡A¡m¼Ú¬wøµe¤j®v
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102
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¤¤°ê»P¤é¥»Ã¸µe¦©óð¥d¤§«e¡A¦b¼Ú¬ü¤w¼s¨ü»{ª¾»P«µø¡C¦]¦¹¦b¦´Á¡A¤é¥»«Ì·µe©Î¤¤°ê¸h¯Èµeªº¡uíϽkã÷çȪk¡v¢w¦bµe¤ßI±¥HíϽk¦«¤W¤@¼hÁ¡¯È¡A¤]³Q²¾¥Î©óð¥d¡Fª¾¦W¦¬Âîa³ß·çº¿¤º§J¡£Nasli and, Alice Heeramaneck¡¤ªºð¥d¡A´N¬O¤w¬Gªi´µ¹y¬ü³NÀ]¤åª««O¦s±M®a¤«¤f¦w¥°¡£Yasuhiro Iguc-hi¡¤¥H¶Ç²Î¤é¥»«Ì·ã÷çȤ覡¨Ó«·s¸ËŨ¡C¦¹ªk¦P¼Ë¾B½ª¤Fµe¤ßI±¡A¤]¹H©óð¥d¡u¤âÁ_¤uÃÀ¡vªº¯S½è¡C
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¡£¤G¡¤«Ø¥ßì«h¡FÝÅU¦èÂöDzλP²{¥N¬ì§Þ
¤@ ¤E¤C0¦~«e«á¡A¬O¦è¤è¡uð¥d«O¦s¡v¾Ç¬ìµo®iªºÃöÁä¦~¥N¡CªC§Ê¹y¥ý«á¦b¡m¤åª««O¦s¬ã¨s¡n¡£Studies in Conserva-tion¡^´Á¥Zµoªí¤T½g½×¤å¡G¡£¦èÂÃøµe§Þªk¡¤¡B¡£¦èÂÃð¥d«O¦s¡¤"On the Conservation of Tibetan Thang-kas"¡iµù¤T¤K¡j¡B¡£¦èÂÃø±Þ¸ËŨªº¹Ï¹³»Pµ²ºc¡¤"The Iconography andStructure of the Mountings of Tibetan Paintings"¡C¦P®É±ö¶P©Ô±N²üÄõ¤¤¥¡ÃÀ³N¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s¹êÅç«Çªº¦¨ªG¡A¼g¦¨¡£ð¥dªº§Þªk»P«O¦s¡¤"Note on the Technique and Conservation ofSome Thang-ka Paintings"¤@¤å¡A¥çµoªí©ó¡m¤åª««O¦s¬ã¨s¡n¡C·íªi´µ¹y¬ü³NÀ]µS¥H¤é¥»¤è¦¡³B²zð¥dªº¦P®É¡A±ö¶P©Ô²v¥ý¹B¥Î¤Æ¾ÇÃÄ«~¡A¥i¿×¦è¤è¡u¬ì§Þ×´_¡vð¥dªº¥ýÅX¡CªC§Ê¹yÁö«D×´_±M®a¡A¦ý¥Ñ¾Ç³NÆ[ÂI½×«O¦sì«h¡A«ü¥Xð¥dªí±²Ö¿nªº¹Ð«¯¡Bªo·Ï¡B¦ÃÂI¡B¤ôº{µ¥¡A¬O³y¦¨¥jð¥dµe±¡u¥Õ¯»Åܱo«D±`·t¡A¾ÉPª«¶Hªº¦â±m»P©ú·tµ{«×¥¢¥h¨äì¨Ó¥i¯à¦³ªº«G«×¡A¨Ïµe±ª«¶H¦³®ÉÃø¥H¿ëÃÑ¡vªº¥D¦]¡A¨ä©Ò´£¥X¡u¦p¦ó¨Ï¿Æ¦â©ÎÅܦ⪺¦a¤è©ú«G°_¨Ó¡v ¡iµù¤T¤E¡j¡A¥¿¬O¤é«á«O¦sð¥dªººn½ÒÃD¡u²M¼ä¡v¤uµ{¡F¦Ó¥LÄ~©Ó§ù
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¡iµù¤T¤K¡j¡GHuntington(c),"On the Conservation ofTibetan Thang-kas"in Studies in
Conservation,vol,14(1970),pp.152-154.
¡iµù¤T¤E¡j¡GHuntington(A),p.128.
103
»ô¡B°ªÃ¹¨Ø¡£Robert Hans van Gulik,1910-1967¡¤µ¥¾ÇªÌ¡u¸ËŨ¬Oºc¦¨ð¥d¾ãÅ骺¤@³¡¤À¡v¡iµù¥|0¡jªºÆ[©À¡A¤S»P±ö¶P©Ô°ò©ó×´_¥ß³õ©Ò¨¥¡u¤åª««O¦s±M®a³B²zÂÂð¥d®É¡AÁa¨Ï¬O³Ì°ò¦ªºªí±²M²z¡A¤]¬O¹êÃø«D©ö¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ã«D¶È¬O§Þ³N°ÝÃD¡A¦P®É¤]¬O¬ü¾Ç°ÝÃD¡v¡iµù¥|¤@¡j¤£¿Ñ¦Ó¦X¡C
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¡iµù¥|¤Q¡j¡GHauntington(B),PP.190-191;tucci,Giuseppe,Tibetan Painted Scrolls(Rome:La
LibreriaDekko Stato,1949),pp,267- 268;Gulik,RobertHans van, chinese Pictorial Art
(rome:Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed EstremoOriente,1958),pp.503-507.
¡iµù¥|¤@¡j¡GMehra,P.211.
¡iµù¥|¤G¡j¡GShaftel, 1986,p97;1991,p.4.
¡iµù¥|¤T¡j¡GBlyth-Hill,1996,p.274.
¡iµù¥|¥|¡j¡GSchoenholzer-Nichols,p.86.
104
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¦è¤è¦U°ê«ô¬ì§Þ¤§½ç¡AµL½×¬O±â·t´Ý¯}ð¥dªº§ïµ½¡B®w©Ð¨åÂñ¹¬I¡Bµe´Y®i¥ÜÂdªº³]p¡A¬Ò»á¦³¦¨ªG¡C¨ãÅé±¹¬I¤Î±o¥¢¤À§O¦p¤U¡G
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¡iµù¥|¤¡j¡GMehra,P.212.
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¡iµù¤»¤K¡j¡GBlyth-Hill,1996,p.280
¡iµù¤»¤E¡j¡Gshaftel,1991,pp,4-5.
¡iµù¤C¤Q¡j¡GBlyth-Hill,1996.p.280.
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¡iµù¤C¤G¡j¡GPersonal observation by the author in Mut-iplan,N.Y,1997.
¡iµù¤C¤T¡j¡Gschoenholzer-Nichols,p,86:Blythg-Hill,1996.pp.280-281.
116
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¡iµù¤C¥|¡j¡GWilliamson,Laila,"reframing Tibetant'angkas"in curater26,
(1983),p.130;Biyth-Hill,1996,p.272.
¡iµù¤C¤¡j¡Gshaftel,1991p.5.
¡iµù¤C¤»¡j¡GBlyth-Hill,1996,p.281;schoenholzer-Nichols,p.86.
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¡iµù¤C¤C¡j¡Gfrost,Murray,"Planning for PreventiveConservation,Museum Collections and
TheirEnvironment;in¡m¤åª«¹w¨¾©Ê«O¦s±¹¬I¡n¬ã¨s¯Z±Ð§÷¡£Angeles; the Getty
Conservation Institute,1994),p.153.tomson Garry,the MuseumEnvironment
(London;Butterworth&Co PublishersLtd., 1986).
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119
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¡iµù¤K¤Q¡j¡GPersonal observation by the author in theNewark Museum and the galleries of
dealersNancy Wiener, Moke Mokotoff and Navin Kumar,New York,1997.
¡iµù¤K¤@¡j¡GPersonal observation by the author at thePatna Museum,India,1990.
¡iµù¤K¤G¡j¡GPersonal communication with the author inthe Newark Museum,New Jersey,1997.
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¡iµù¤K¥|¡j¡GPersonal communication with the author inNew York,1997¡D¥Hªñ¦~¨Ó»á¨üÆf¥Øªº¦èÂÃ
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Mokotoff¡¤¡A«h¥Ñ´¿¬°¯Ã¥Ë§J³Õª«À]³]p¦èÂæò°ó¡BÝø¾ÀµeªºÂÃÄyµe®a´^±¹¦h
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¡iµù¤K¤C¡j¡Gshaftel,1991,pp.4-5;Blyth-Hill,1996,pp.
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´¡¹Ï¥|¡GValrae Reynolds,Amy Heller and Janet Gyatso,Catalogue of the Newark Museum; TibetanCollection,vol,lll:Sculpture and Painting(New Jersey:the Newark Museum,1986)fig,31´¡¹Ï¤¡GAgrawal,Om Ptskrdh,"Than-Kas"in Conservationof Manuscripts and Paintings of South-eastAsia(London:Butter worthe,1984),fig.6.23
¹Ïª©¤@¡GHeather Stoddard,"The tibetan Pantheon:ItsMongolian Form"in Patricia Berger & tereseTse Bartholomew,ed.,Mongolia:the Legacy ofChinggis Khan(Asian Art Museum of SanFrancisco,1995)Fig. I, originalphoto:Hal Fischer
¹Ïª©¤G¡GTerese Tse Bartholomew, "An Introduction tothe Art of Mongolia",in Mongolia:The Legacy ofChlinggis Khan,Fig. 11,original photo:Kazuhirotsuruta
¹Ïª©¤T¡G"A tailor's Tale"as recounted to Kim YeshiGyeten Namgyal, in Redron Yeshi&Jeremy Russelled.,The Voice of tibetan Religion & culture no.6:CH<o>Yang(Dharamsala:the Department ofReligion and Culture, Central tibetan Ad-ministration of H.H.the Dalai Lama,1994),fig.20
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ª©¤Q¤G¡GBlyth-Hill,Victoria,"The Conservation ofthankas"in Pal,Ptratapaditya, ed.,On the Pathto Void:Buddhist Art of the Tibetan Realm(Bombay:Marg Publications,1996),figs.6-8¹Ïª©¤Q¤T¡GBlyth-Hill,figs.1-3
¹Ïª©¤Q¥|¡GAgrawal,figs.6.11-6.12
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¹Ïª©¤Q¤»¡Gvalrae reynolds,the Newark Museum:tibetanBuddhist Altar(New Jersey:the Newark Museum,1991),original photo:Sarah Wells
¹Ïª©¤Q¤C¡GBlyth-Hill, fig.5.
¹Ïª©¤Q¤K¡GBlyth-Hill, fig.11.
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¹Ïª©¤G¤Q¤»¡GPal,tibetan Paintings:A Study of TibetanThankas Eleven to Nineteenth Centuries(Delhi:Ravi Kumar),plate26;
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¡@steven M, Kossak,"Sakya Patrons and NepaleseArtists in 13th Century Tibet"in tibetan ArtTowards a Definition of Style(Lon don:Laurence Kling),plate6
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