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¦Ê¤V¯º¤ª¡A²Ä¤@®y¿é«o¤s¤l¤]¡C¦]©R¤§¬°¶}¤s¡C µLªù¤ê¡AÙì¤s¤@´Á¤§«i¡Aª§©`¸õ¦Ê¤V°éåI¤£¥X¡CÀËÂI ±N¨Ó¡A«K«¤£«K»´¡A¦ó¬G¡B[º¥+¦Õ]¡C²æ±o½LÀY¡A¾á °_ÅKÏE¡C ¹|¤ê ÃG¤UÓEÆX¦}¤ì¨@¡A·í¶§¤@¯ºµ´©P¾B,¦Ê¤V«Ãö Äd¤£¦í¡A¸}¦yöT¥X¦ò¦p³Â¡C 305¶ A NoTE oN THE PARTICLE NI[º¥+¦Õ] IN CH'AN ¡]ZEN¡^TEXTS LIEN-SHENG YANG It is a great plceasure to participate in the volume of linguistic studies presented to Professor F.K .Li, a leading authority in the field¡Ato celebrate his 8Oth birthday. For many years, I, a historian and philologist, but only an amateur linguist, have profited immensely from Professer Li's informal instruction and his inspiring personality. This article is only a token of thanks from a student to a great master. The particle ni[º¥+¦Õ]¡]also as¡A¥§¡A§A¡A in early texts ¡^ appears at the end of a sentence. As such,it is not unfamiliar to students of Ch'an texts and students of chinese grammar, Oda Tatsuo ¤Ó¥Ð¨°¤Ò in his Chugoru go rekishi bunpo ¤¤°ê»y¾ú¥v¤åªk pp.364-5 has a good historical survey. Ni's counterpart in modern Mandarin ni ©O ¡]and many dialects¡^is thoroughly discussed in Y.R.Chao, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese 1968, pp. 801-803 and Ting sheng-shu and others¡A Hsien-tai Han-yu yu-Fa chiang-hua 1979, pp.203-205.Although the standard glossary of ni in ch'an texts is chih-wu mao «üª«»ª pointing at somthing, the implication is not only there" but also here or where, and it was most often used as a deliberate pause. The point that has been insufficiently stressed is that ni may be used as an independent particle like an interjection. A pause mark¡]tou Ū¡^is found in several cases before ni, apparently a Japanese tradition. The proof seems conclusive when one finds liang-chiu ¨}¤[ "a long pause" followed by ni. Emendations are suggested in an interesting passage on the monk Tung-shan in the lOth century anthology of Ch'an sayings Tsu-t'ang chi. The passage has puzzled even Japanese experts like Yanagi Saisan. lt is proposed that the chacter han ¨u in the question be changed to K'ung ªÅ ¡]sunynata¡^ and the phrase pu-shen shen ¤£¥Ó«{ be changed to pu-chung shen ¤£¤¤«{ "not worth a joke".Apparently the conversation concerns k'ung, chia literally, borrowed reality and chung the mid-way. These are central concepts in the San-lun School and elsewhere. For antecedents of, ni in classical Chinese¡AOda gives one example, erh º¸ in the Kung-yang chuan. To support this link, more examples can be drawn from Yang Shu-ta¡A Tz'u ch'uan, including the commonly used yun-erh. The character ni[º¥+¦Õ] should not be confused withøÕ¡A a Word supposedly having magic power to drive a way evil spirits if written and posted on door.Tradition about this faith goes back at least to T'ang times. More information is offered here from powerful orders known as fu, originally mainly tallies military in 306¶ nature. In the Tao Tsang one finds fu bearing the words chan-kuei ±Ù° "killing evil spirits¡A"which are parts of the characterøÕ. Among the dictionaries consulted ,the Chung-hua to tzu-tien seems to be the only one clearly distinguishing. the two characters. Contents of this article were presented in a talk at the lnstitute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, July 17, 1982. l suggested that the Japanese ne at the end of a sentence or standing independently as an intejection may be comparable to ni. Professor Li said similar forms may be found in other Asian languages. He cited a similar form at the beginning of a sentence in colloquial Tai. l recall that a friend says that a similar form exists in Sanskrit, presumably colloquial. Herewith renewed thanks renewed thanks to the master.