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3.§ù«Â»{¬°¤@­Ó¡u¦M¾÷¡v(crisis)©Î¡u¤£½T©wªº±¡ªp¡v(indeterminate si- tuation)ªº¥ý¨M±ø¥ó¡A¥ô¦ó±´¨s(inquiry) ³£¦³¿à¦¹¥ý¨M±ø¥ó¡CÁI¥ç±N¡u¦M¾÷¡v µø¬°¶}®©ªº¥²³Æ±ø¥ó¡C¥¦ªº±Ð¨|¤èªk¬O±N¾Ç¥Í¹G¤Jµ´¹Ò(crisis)¡A¨Ã±`¥H¤½®×°Ý µª¨Ï¥L­ÌµLªk¦bª¾©Ê«ä¦Ò¤¤¡u²æ§x¡v¡A°ß¦³ºÜºÉ¤@¤Á¡u°Ñ¨s¡v¡Aª½¨ì¦¹±j¯PÁI·N ÃѪºÅX¨Ï¤O¨Ï¥L­Ì¦³©Ò¡u¬ð¯}¡v(breakthrough)¬°¤î¡CÁI©M§ù«Â§¡»{¬°¡u¦M¾÷¡v ¬O±Ð¾Çªº§U¤O¡A¤£¦Pªº¬O¡A§ù«Â±Ð¨|«ä·Q¤¤¡A±Ð®vªº³d¥ô¦b¤Þ¾É¾Ç¥Í­±¹ï©M¸Ñ¨M ²{¦³ªº°ÝÃD¡AÁI®v­Ì¤£¶È¦p¦¹¡A¦Ó¥B¦³·N¦a¡u»s³y¦M¾÷¡v¡A¹G¨Ï¾Ç¥Í³´¤J¡u¦º«Ñ ¡v¡AÅý¾Ç¥Í¦Û¤vªºµJ«æ©M¼ö¤Á¤§±´¨s¤ß¡A¥h´M§ä¡u¥Í¸ô¡v¡AÁI®v¥u»Ý¾A®É¦a°µ¤@ ¨Ç«ü¥Ü¡]¦p¤@¥y¨¥Ãã¡B¤@´Î¡A©Î¤@³Üµ¥¡^¡C

4.§ù«Â¥D±i¤H©Ê¥iÅܽסC¨ä¹ê¡A¥L©Ò¿×¥iÅܪº¨Ã«D¤H¤§¥»©Ê¡A¦Ó¬O¡u²ß©Ê¡v (acquired habits)¡C³o¥i±q¥LÁ|ªº¾Ôª§¤@¨Ò±oª¾¡C§ù«Â©Ó»{°«©Ê(combative- ness) ¬O¤H©Êªº¤@³¡¥÷¡M¦Ó¥¦¬O§_·|Åã²{¡M«h¥Ñ¥~¦bªº¦]¯À¦Ó©w¡M´«¨¥¤§¡M¾Ôª§ «D¦]¤H¦³¦n°«¤§¥»¯à¦Ó²£¥Í¡M¦Ó¬O¥ÑªÀ·|ªºª¬ªp©M¤O¶q¾É¤Þ¦Ó°_¡]µù45¡^¡CµM¦Ó ¡A®Ú¾Ú³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¡M¤H©Ê½T¹ê¦³¥»­Ñ¤§ÄÝ©Ê¢w°«©Ê¡A³o¨ÇÄÝ©Ê¥i¦]«á¤Ñªº²ß©Ê¡Mµo ®i¥X¤£¦Pªº²{¶H¡C¨Ò¦p¡G°«©Ê¥iºtÅܦ¨´Ý»Åªº¾Ôª§¡M¤]¥iµo®i¦¨¹ï§Ü¯e¯f¡N³h§x ¡N¤£¥¿¸qµ¥ªº¡u¾Ôª§¡v¡CÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¡M§ù«Â¥¼¦³©ú½Tªº¤H©Ê½×¡M¨ä©Ò¿×¤H©Ê¥iÅÜ½× ¡M¥u¯à»¡¬O°w¹ï¤Hªº²ß©Ê¡M¦Ó«D°w¹ï¤H¤§¥»©Ê¦Ó¨¥¡CÁI©v¦³©ú½Tªºµ½¡]¦ò¡^©Êªº ¤H©Ê½×¡CÁöµM§ù«Â©MÁI¹ï¤H¤§¥»©Ê¬Ýªk¦³²§¡M¦ý¨âªÌ¬Ò¥þ­±ªÖ©w¤H¤§²ß©Êªº¥i¶ì ©Ê¡M¬G§¡·¥­«µø±Ð¨|ªº¥\¯à¡C

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1.¦ò©Ê¤S¦W¦p¨ÓÂáA¦Û©Ê²M²b¤ß¡B¯u¤ß¡B¯u¦p¡Bªk¨­ÂáBªk¬ÉÂáBªk©Ê¡B¥X ¥@¶¡¤W¤WÂõ¥¡C (BACK)

2.¦³ÃöÁI©vªº±Ð¨|«ä·Q¡BÁI©vÁ¿¾Ç¨î«×¡BÁI®v±Ð¾Ç¤èªkµ¥ªº¬ã¨s¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\¡G (1) ÃÃÁ¾·qµÛ¡A¡uÁIÇRÆðÆ÷Çr±Ð¨|½×¡v¡A¦¬©ó¤¤§ø¤¸µ¥½s¡A¡mÁ¿®y¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¡n¡A ¦ò¨å¥Z¦æ·|¡A1982¦~¡A­¶249-290¡C(2)¤B¿ûµÛ¡A¡m¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð±Ð¨|--¾§¦ò¹D±Ð¨|¤ñ ¸û¬ã¨s¡n¡A¥|¤t±Ð¨|¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1988¦~¡A­¶143-179¡C(3)½²ºa´@¡A¡mÁI®v±Ò®©ªk¡n ¡A¤å®íÂø»xªÀ¡A1986¦~¡C (BACK)

3.§ù«Â´¿©ó1919¦~¦Ü1921¦~¶¡¨ì¤¤°êÁ¿¾Ç¡A¯d¤U²`»·¼vÅT¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ Tsuin- chen Ou¡A"Dewey's Sojourn in China: His Lectures and His Inflence on Chinese Thought and Education"¡AChinese Culture¡Avol.XXIV¡ANo.2¡AJune ¡A1983¡CThomas Berry,C.P.¡A"Dewey's Influence in China"¡Ain John Dewey : His Thought and Influence¡Aed. by John Blewett,S.J.¡AGreenwood Press ¡A1975¡App.199-232¡C¦³Ãö¨ä¦bµØÁ¿¾Ç¬ö¿ý¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ Robert W. Clopton and Tsuin-chen Ou¡Aed. John Dewey's Lectures in China¡A1919-1920 on Logics , Ethics, Education, and Democracy¡AUniversity Press of Hawaii¡A1973¡C (BACK)

4.½Ð°Ñ¾\¡G(1) Meter Ames¡A"America, Existentialism, and Zen"¡A Philosophy East and West¡AI¡ANo.1¡A(April, 1951)¡App.35-47¡C (2) Meter Ames¡A"Zen and Pragmatism"¡APhilosophy East and West¡AIV¡ANo.1¡A(April , 1954)¡App.19-37¡C (3) Harold E. McCarthy¡A"Dewey, Suzuki and Elimi- nation of Dichotomies"¡APhilosophy East and West West¡AVI¡ANo.1¡A( April, 1956)¡C (4) Victor N. Kobayashi¡A"The Quest for Experience: Zen , Dewey, and Education"¡AComparative Education Review¡AFeb., 1962¡App. 217-222¡C (BACK)

5.John Dewey¡ADemocray and Education¡ANew York: MacMillam Co., 1956 ¡Ap.387¡C (BACK)

6.Ibid.¡Ap.384¡C (BACK)

7.§ù«Â±N­õ¾Ç©M±Ð¨|ºò¦©¦b¤@°_¡A´¿¾D¨ü¤@¨Ç¡u¯Â¡v­õ¾Ç®a§åµû¥L±N­õ¾Ç´î ·l¦¨¬°±Ð¨|¦Wµü¡C°Ñ¾\ Thomas E. Spencer¡A"Why Don't All Educators like Dewey?"¡AEducation¡Avol.96¡ANo.2¡App.159-160¡C (BACK)

8.°Ñ¾\§d´ËµÛ¡A¡u§ù«Â­õ¾Çªº­«·s»{ÃÑ¡v¡A¡m­õ¾Ç»P¤å¤Æ¡n¡A²Ä¥|¨÷¡A ²Ä¤E´Á¡A­¶23¡C (BACK)

9.¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý¡n¨÷7 ¡A¡m¤j¥¿Âán¡A51¥U¡A­¶255¤¤¡C (BACK)

10.¹a¤ì¤j©å¡A¡u¦s¦b¥D¸q¡B¹ê¥Î¥D¸q»PÁI¡v¡A¦¬©ó±i°ÒÀܽs¡A¡mÁI¾Ç½×¤å¶° ¡n¡A­¶250¡C (BACK)

11.John Dewey¡ADemocracy and Education¡App.163-164¡C (BACK)

12.¦³Ãö§ù«Â¹ï¡uÅܤơvÆ[©Àªº¬Ýªk¡A¥i°Ñ¦ÒWilliam E. Doll, Jr.¡A"An Analysis of John Dewey's Educational and Philosophical Writings Inter- preted with Reference to His Concept of Change"¡APh.D. Dissertation¡A John Hopkins University¡A1972¡C (BACK)

13.John Dewey¡AThe Quest for Cestainty¡ANew York:Minton¡A1929¡Ap.244 ¡C (BACK)

14.¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý¡n¨÷¤»¡A¡m¤j¥¿Âán¨÷51¡A­¶247¤W¡C (BACK)

15.¹a¤ì¤j©å¡A¡u¦s¦b¥D¸q¡B¹ê¥Î¥D¸q»PÁI¡v¡A­¶254¡C (BACK)

16.°ª¼s§·¡A¡m§ù«Â±Ð¨|«ä·Q¡n¡A¤ô¤û¹Ï®Ñ¡A76¦~¡A­¶94¡C (BACK)

17.John Dewey¡AHuman Nature and Conduct¡AHenry Holt and Company¡A 1922¡App.106-124¡C (BACK)

18.Jerome Nathanson¡AJohn Dewey: The Reconstruction of the Democratic Life¡ACharles Scribner's Sons¡A1951¡Ap.52¡C (BACK)

19.John Dewey¡AHuman Nature and Conduct¡A1922¡Ap.13-277¡C (BACK)

20.Nathanson¡AJohn Dewey¡App.49-81¡C (BACK)

21.¡m¦ò©Ê½×¡n¤¤¦³¨¥¡u¤@§Y²³¥Í¡AµL¦³©Ê±o¦ò©Ê¡A¦ý¦³­×±o¦ò©Ê¡A¤À§O²³¥Í ¡C¤Z¦³¤TºØ¡G¤@©wµL¦ò©Ê¡A¥Ã¤£¯Iºn¡A¤@ÄÄ´£¥Ç­«¸TªÌ¡F¤G¤£©w¦³µL¡A­Y­×®É§Y ±o¡A¤£­×¤£±o¡K¡F¤T©w¦³¦ò©Ê¡A§Y¤T­¼¤H¡C¡v¡m¤j¥¿Âán¡A31¥U¡A­¶787¤U¡C (BACK)

22.¡m¦¨°ßÃѽסn¨÷¤­¡C (BACK)

23.³Å¤j¤h´¿¦³ÔU¨¥¡G

          ©]©]©ê¦ò¯v¡A´Â´ÂÁÙ¦@°_
          °_§¤Âí¬ÛÀH¡A»yÀq¦P©~¤î
          ÅÖ²@¤_¬ÛÂ÷¡A¦p¨­¼v¬Û¦ü
          ­Y°Ý¦ò¥h³B¡A¥u³o»yÁn¬O
      
(BACK)

24.§ù«Â´¿§åµû¥Hµ½´c©w½×½×¤H©Ê¡G¡u´N²{¦³¤§ª¾ÃѦӽסA¦¹µ¥Ãö©ó¤H©Ê®Ú¥» ºc³y¤§ºØºØ·N¨£¡A©¿µø¥H¤U¤§®Ú¥»°ÝÃD¡G¨äºc¦¨¦]¯À¦p¦ó¿Eµo¡B§í¨î¡B¥[±j©Î´î ®z¡H¨ä«¬¦¡¦p¦ó¡H¦]»P¤å¤Æ¥æ¤¬¼vÅT¦Ó¨ü¨M©w¡H¥Ñ©ó¦¹ºØ©¿µø¡A¦b¹L¥hÃö©ó¤H©Ê ¤§¨£¸Ñ¡A«K§¡»P¤@­Ó¹ÎÅé©Ò»Ý­n¹ê²{¤§¥Øªº¤Î¬Fµ¦¬Û§k¦X¡C¤ZÄ@©Ó»{¹ï©ó¥L¤H¬I ¥ÎÅv«Â¬°¦X²zªÌ¡A¹ï©ó¤H©Ê¤§ºc¦¨«K©ê´dÆ[¡F¤Z­n¨D¸Ñ²æÀ£¨î¤§¤H¡A«K¦b¤H©Êºc ³y¤¤µo²{ºØºØ¦³§Æ±æ¤§¯S©Ê¡C¡v°Ñ¾\°ª¼s§·¡A¡m§ù«Â±Ð¨|«ä·Q¡n¡A­¶90¡C (BACK)

25.¦³Ãö³o¨Ç¤èªkªº¹ê¨Ò¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\®}¶i¤ÒĶ¡A¡m¹a¤ì¤j©åÁI½×¶°¡G¾ú¥vµo®i¡n ¡A§Ó¤å¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1986¡A­¶245¡V287¡C (BACK)

26.John Dewey's Lecture in China¡Ap.205¡C (BACK)

27.Ibid.¡Ap.208¡C (BACK)

28.°ª¼s§·µÛ¡A¡m§ù«Â±Ð¨|«ä·Q¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤ô¤û¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥Á73¦~¡A­¶193¡C (BACK)

29.John Dewey¡ADemocracy and Education¡A1916¡Ap.89¡C (BACK)

30.Ibid.¡Ap.49¡C (BACK)

31.Ibid.¡Ap.59¡C (BACK)

32.Ibid.¡Ap.125¡C (BACK)

33.Ibid.¡Ap.126¡C (BACK)

34.Ibid.¡Ap.126-128¡C (BACK)

35.Ibid.¡Ap.123¡C (BACK)

36.John Dewey¡AHow We Think¡ABoston: D.C. Health and Co., 1910¡A p.82¡C (BACK)

37.°Ñ¾\John Dewey¡AInterest and Effort in Education¡ABoston: Houghton Mifflin¡A1913¡C¥L´¿¨¥¡G¡u¿³½ì¬J¤£¥i³Q©ñÁa¡A¥ç¤£¥i³QÀ£§í¡C¿³½ì ³QÀ£§í¤D¥H¦¨¤H¥N´À¨àµ£¡A¨¬¥H´î¤Ö¨ä¦n©_¤ß¡B¾÷´¼¡B³Ð³y¤O¡A¨Ã¨Ï»P½ì¿ð¶w¡C ©ñÁa¿³½ì¤D¥HÕ®®É¤§ª«¥N´À¥Ã¤[¤§ª«¡]µù¡^¿³½ì±`¥Nªí¬YºØ¼ç¦b¤§¤O¶q¡Aµo²{¦¹ ¤O¶q¤D¬°­«­n¤§¹Ï¡A©ñÁa¿³½ì¤D·N¨ý°±¤î¦¹¶µµo±¸¤u§@¡A¨ä¬y¹ú©Ò¤Î¡A±N¨Ï¿³½ì ¬y©ó¤ÏÂеL±`»P¤Û·Q¡C¡v¡]¤Þ¦Û°ª¼s§·¡A§ù«Â±Ð¨|«ä·Q¡A­¶130¡^¡C (BACK)

38.John Dewey¡A"How much Freedom in New Schools?"¡AThe New Republic ¡AJuly 9, 1930¡C (BACK)

39.¦³¼Æ¦ì¹¬¤H½Ð°Ý¥ÛÁ÷·¡¶êÁI®v¡G¡u¦p¦ó¬O¦ò¡H¡v¥L¤À§O§@µª¦p¤U¡G¡u¤H¦Ñ ¯f¥Í¡v¡B¡u¥Û¥´¤£¤J¡v¡B¡u½¬ªá±·¨¬¡v¡B¡u¤ô¥X°ª­ì¡vµ¥¡C¡]¡m¥ÛÁ÷»y¿ý¡n¡AÉà ÄòÂáA²Ä120¥U¡C¡^ (BACK)

40.¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý¡n¨÷¤K¡A¡m¤j¥¿Âán¡A²Ä51¥U¡A­¶259¤¤¡C (BACK)

41.¦³¹¬°Ý«n¬uÁI®v¡G¡u¦ó¿×¥­±`¤ß¡H¡v¥L¦^µª»¡¡G¡uÄȨӳ𶺡A§x¨Ó§Y¯v¡C ¡v¥H¥­±`¤ß§Y¨s³º¤§¹D¡C (BACK)

42.¡mÙì¤sÆF¯§ÁI®v»y¿ý¡n¦³¦p¤U°O¸ü¡G®vºK¯ù¦¸¡A¿×¥õ¤s¤ª¡G¡u²×¤éºK¯ù¡A ¬é»D¤lÁn¡A¤£¨£¤l§Î¡C¡v¥õ¤s¾Ù¯ù¾ð¡C®v¤s¤ª¡G¡u¤l¬é±o¨ä¥Î¡A¤£±o¨äÅé¡C¡v¥õ ¤s¤ª¡G¡u¥¼¼f¦p¦ó¡H¡v®v¨}¤[¡C¥õ¤s¤ª¡G¡u©M©|¬é±o¨äÅé¡A¤£±o¨ä¥Î¡C¡v®v¤ª¡G ¡u©ñ¤l¤T¤Q´Î¡C¡v¥õ¤s¤ª¡G¡u©M©|´Î¡A¬Y¥Ò³ð¡A¬Y¥Ò´Î¡Aªü½Ö³ð¡H¡v®v¤ª¡G¡u©ñ ¤l¤T¤Q´Î¡C¡v¡]¡mÉÃÄòÂøg¡n¡A²Ä119¥U¡A­¶852¡C¡^ (BACK)

43.Democracy and Education¡Ap.321¡C (BACK)

44.John Dewey¡AArt as Experience¡AMinton Balch & Company¡ANew York ¡A1934¡Ap.266¡C (BACK)

45.John Dewey¡AProblems of Men¡App.186-192¡C (BACK)